Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

What does the Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) score assess?

1. AThe risk of an allergic reaction to IV drugs
2. BThe patient's eyesight before surgery
3. CThe speed of an infusion pump
4. DThe cannula site for signs of phlebitis

A patient with COPD and a known risk of hypercapnia is acutely breathless with an SpO₂ of 82%. What is correct?

1. AWithhold oxygen completely, because oxygen is dangerous in COPD
2. BWait for an arterial blood gas result before giving any oxygen at all
3. CGive the highest oxygen flow possible and aim for 100%
4. DGive controlled oxygen, e.g. via a Venturi mask, aiming for 88–92%

Which PPE does a nurse wear when giving an IV chemotherapy drug?

1. AA reusable cloth gown and one pair of gloves
2. BOne pair of standard latex gloves, changed after the infusion is started
3. CA surgical mask and no gloves
4. DTwo pairs of chemotherapy-tested gloves and a disposable impermeable gown

A patient on a general ward for two days is found to have smear-positive pulmonary TB. What should the nurse do besides moving the patient to an airborne isolation room?

1. AInform infection prevention so exposed patients and staff can be identified and followed up
2. BNothing more, because the patient has now been isolated
3. CTell all the exposed patients to start TB drugs at once, before any testing
4. DClose the ward to all new admissions for a full year

A patient is in skeletal traction. Which finding needs the nurse to act?

1. AThe weights are hanging freely
2. BThe ropes are in the pulleys
3. CThe patient’s body is in line with the traction
4. DThe weights are resting on the floor

Two days after starting haloperidol, a patient suddenly develops painful neck twisting and the eyes roll upwards. What should the nurse anticipate?

1. APhysical restraint until the spasm passes
2. BNo action, because the spasm is a sign of improvement
3. CA higher dose of haloperidol to calm the patient and stop the movements quickly
4. DAn anticholinergic drug, such as benztropine or procyclidine, as prescribed

Gangguan elektrolit manakah yang paling berbahaya bagi rentak jantung?

1. AFosfat rendah
2. BNatrium rendah
3. CKalium tinggi atau rendah
4. DKlorida tinggi

A day after surgery, a patient's haemoglobin has fallen from 125 g/L to 85 g/L (12.5 to 8.5 g/dL) and their heart rate has risen to 118/min. What is the priority?

1. AEncourage the patient to eat iron-rich foods
2. BEscalate urgently, as the patient may be bleeding
3. CRecheck the haemoglobin next week
4. DDocument the result and take no further action

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AAny result outside the range always means disease is present
2. BRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
3. CReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
4. DReference ranges include every healthy person without exception

A patient with long-term heavy alcohol use is admitted with alcohol withdrawal. Which group of electrolyte problems is most common?

1. AHigh magnesium, high phosphate and high potassium
2. BLow magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium
3. CHigh sodium, high calcium and high glucose
4. DLow chloride, high bicarbonate and high calcium

A patient takes regular paracetamol (acetaminophen) at home. Which teaching point best prevents accidental overdose?

1. ACheck cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
2. BUse paracetamol only on an empty stomach
3. CTake an extra dose if the first one does not work within 10 minutes
4. DTake paracetamol with alcohol to improve absorption

A patient with Parkinson's disease has nausea. Why should metoclopramide be avoided?

1. AIt causes severe diarrhoea in Parkinson's disease
2. BIt blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and can worsen the parkinsonism
3. CIt inhibits the absorption of all oral drugs
4. DIt increases dopamine levels in the brain too much and causes psychosis

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all
2. BExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
3. CExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly
4. DExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
2. BGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
3. CContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
4. DIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle

A patient has radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. Which advice is correct?

1. AStay in strict isolation in hospital for several months
2. BThere are no precautions, because the dose is tiny
3. CStart breastfeeding again the next day
4. DLimit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time

A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check my feet every day, using a mirror for the soles."
2. B"I will wear socks and shoes that fit well and do not rub."
3. C"I will check that the bath water is not too hot using my elbow."
4. D"I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
2. BAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
3. CEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
4. DDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output

A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?

1. AConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
2. BCombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
3. CTake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food
4. DUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course

On abdominal palpation at 39 weeks, only 2/5 of the fetal head can be felt above the pelvic brim. How is this interpreted?

1. AThe fetus is in a breech presentation
2. BThe head is free above the pelvic brim
3. CThe head is engaged in the pelvis
4. DThe head is crowning at the vulva

A woman with a fourth-degree tear is being discharged. Which instruction is appropriate?

1. AUse stool softeners and avoid suppositories and enemas
2. BDo strong straining exercises to strengthen the muscles
3. CTake rectal temperatures twice daily
4. DUse rectal suppositories each day to prevent constipation

How is amblyopia (lazy eye) commonly treated in young children?

1. APatching the weaker eye so that it can rest and recover
2. BWaiting until adulthood, when surgery can correct it
3. CPatching or blurring the stronger eye so the weaker eye works harder
4. DEye exercises alone, without any glasses, drops or patches

The nurse has taught the parents of a child with sickle cell disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"We'll call the hospital straight away if she has a fever."
2. B"We'll dress her warmly before she goes out in cold weather."
3. C"We'll learn how to feel her tummy for an enlarged spleen."
4. D"In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."

In DSM-5-TR, prolonged grief disorder in adults requires that at least how long has passed since the death?

1. A12 months
2. B2 weeks
3. C6 weeks
4. D3 years

A patient with somatic symptom disorder calls the nurse many times each shift to report different aches. Which approach is most helpful?

1. AArrange regular, planned contacts, assess any new symptoms and focus conversations on feelings and coping
2. BTell her that her symptoms are all in her mind, so there is no need to assess them or treat them in any way
3. CAsk the doctor to order new tests every time she reports a symptom
4. DStop answering her calls, because the symptoms are imaginary

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan dos untuk suntikan kecil memberikan 0.11383 mL. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah isi padu di bawah 1 mL dibundarkan kepada perseratus mL yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 2 tsp ampaian oral empat kali sehari selama 14 hari. Dengan menggunakan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa mL V yang diperlukan untuk seluruh kursus rawatan?

Seorang pesakit berberat 18 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 15 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 4 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 28 kg dipreskripsi 15 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 100 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 4 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 400 mg ubat dalam 500 mL dan berjalan pada 20 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Pesakit berberat 103 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 100 mL/j. Pada 15:00, 150 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit mempunyai nadi 114/min dan tekanan darah 139/83 mmHg. Cari indeks kejutan SI = HR/SBP. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 9/min, SpO₂ 98% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 150/90 mmHg, nadi 40/min, sedar, suhu 37.2 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi