Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

How should oxygen cylinders be stored on a ward?

1. ALying loose on the floor under the bed so they cannot fall over
2. BIn a warm cupboard next to the radiator
3. CSecured upright in a holder or trolley, away from heat
4. DStacked on top of each other in a corridor

A small fire starts in a patient's room. What is the first action?

1. AOpen the windows to let out the smoke
2. BMove the patient away from immediate danger
3. CGo and find the fire safety officer to ask what should be done
4. DTry to put out the fire with water

How should the urethral meatus be cared for in a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter?

1. AWith daily bladder irrigation using an antibiotic solution through the catheter
2. BWith routine hygiene, using soap and water during daily washing
3. CWith antiseptic cream applied to the meatus every shift
4. DBy sliding the catheter in and out a little to clean it

An IV bag from the pharmacy holds the correct drug, but the label shows another patient’s name. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the patient whether it is fine to use the bag
2. BHang it, because the drug and dose are correct
3. CNot hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
4. DCross out the name and write in the correct patient’s name

A patient with asthma uses a peak flow meter. A reading below 50% of personal best is in the red zone. Which statement shows correct understanding?

1. A“I will wait until tomorrow morning to see if the reading gets better on its own.”
2. B“I will stop all my inhalers until the reading is back up.”
3. C“I will use my reliever inhaler and get emergency help straight away.”
4. D“I will go for a short run to open up my lungs.”

A patient at 36 weeks of pregnancy has sudden severe abdominal pain, a hard, board-like uterus and dark vaginal bleeding. What should the nurse suspect?

1. APlacental abruption, which is an emergency
2. BA urinary tract infection
3. CPlacenta previa, which is usually painless
4. DNormal labor contractions starting

A patient has lost more than 10% of their body weight without trying over the last few months and has a low BMI. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AWeigh the patient again in six months and review at that point
2. BEncourage a low-calorie diet
3. CRestrict fluids to encourage appetite and give a low-protein diet instead
4. DRefer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts

A patient has a single hot, swollen, very painful knee and a fever. Why is urgent joint aspiration important?

1. ATo rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
2. BTo prevent osteoporosis
3. CTo measure the patient's cholesterol
4. DTo check for rheumatoid arthritis antibodies in the joint fluid

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
2. BGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
3. CGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
4. DGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning

A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate has a respiratory rate of 9/min and absent patellar reflexes. After stopping the infusion, which medication should the nurse expect to give?

1. ASodium bicarbonate
2. BPotassium chloride
3. CProtamine sulfate
4. DCalcium gluconate

Which assessment is most important during IV mannitol therapy?

1. ABlood glucose before meals and signs of hypoglycaemia
2. BUrine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
3. CLiver enzymes and signs of jaundice
4. DPlatelet count and signs of bleeding

A child has a tonic–clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes at home and has no IV access. Which drug can be given first by a trained carer or paramedic?

1. ABuccal or intranasal midazolam
2. BOral paracetamol syrup
3. CIntramuscular morphine
4. DOral phenytoin tablets crushed in water

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
2. BStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better
3. CStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything
4. DWait until the next routine observations in four hours

A patient with severe asthma develops a stable narrow-complex tachycardia, and IV adenosine is prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it as prescribed, as adenosine is safe in every patient
2. BGive it orally instead of intravenously
3. CQuestion the prescription, as adenosine can cause bronchospasm
4. DGive it as a slow infusion over an hour to reduce side effects

A man starts finasteride for an enlarged prostate. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt works within hours by relaxing the bladder muscle
2. BIt takes months to work; pregnant women must not handle broken tablets
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure, so dizziness is very common
4. DIt is used only for a few days at a time

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. AStop all care, because nothing more can be done
2. BRespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
3. CTell the patient they must start dialysis by law
4. DAsk the family to change the patient's mind

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery
2. BIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications
3. CIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly
4. DIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe

A patient is splashed in the eye with an alkaline cleaning product. What is the first action?

1. AAsk the patient to rub the eye to clear it
2. BAdd a few drops of vinegar to neutralise it
3. CIrrigate the eye at once with large volumes of water or saline
4. DCover the eye with a pad and wait for a doctor to examine it first

Progesterone relaxes smooth muscle in pregnancy. Which common complaint does this help explain?

1. AGum bleeding
2. BIncreased appetite
3. CConstipation
4. DNasal stuffiness

A woman needs an emergency caesarean under general anaesthesia. Why is she given an antacid such as sodium citrate before induction?

1. ATo prevent nausea after the operation
2. BTo lower her blood pressure before surgery
3. CTo make aspirated stomach contents less acidic
4. DTo speed up gastric emptying for surgery

The nurse uses a blood pressure cuff that is too small for a child's arm. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be accurate but slower to obtain
2. BThe reading will be falsely high
3. CThe cuff will not inflate at all
4. DThe reading will be falsely low

A healthy breastfed baby has lost 7% of her birth weight on day 3. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThis is within the usual range; observe a feed and follow the weight
2. BThis is severe dehydration and needs immediate IV fluids
3. CThis weight loss is only normal in formula-fed babies
4. DThis shows breastfeeding has failed, so formula should replace breast milk from now on

An 84-year-old asks for an over-the-counter sleep aid containing diphenhydramine. What is the main concern?

1. AIts anticholinergic effects can cause confusion, urine retention and falls
2. BIt raises blood pressure to dangerous levels in older adults
3. CIt is a strong opioid that causes severe dependence
4. DIt has no effects at all in people over 80, so it will not help her sleep

In the second session of a new therapy group, members argue about rules and one member challenges the leader's authority. How should the leader interpret this?

1. AIt is a normal stage of group development, to be handled openly and calmly
2. BThe member who challenged the leader should be removed
3. CThe group has failed and should be ended before anyone is upset
4. DThe leader should avoid all conflict by making every decision alone

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 5:55 AM. Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 104:55
2. 205:55
3. 317:55
4. 406:55

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 1 tsp daripada sirap batuk, 1 tbsp daripada suplemen cecair, 1½ cawan daripada teh, 1½ fl oz daripada jus. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit berberat 30 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 3 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 14 kg dipreskripsi 5 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 250 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 8 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 20 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Terdapat 400 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 07:30 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 125 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 09:30?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 7/min, SpO₂ 99% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 112/68 mmHg, nadi 132/min, sedar, suhu 35.2 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: tiada gangguan; kelembapan: kadang-kadang lembap; aktiviti: terlantar di katil; mobiliti: tidak bergerak sepenuhnya; pemakanan: sangat lemah; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Gunakan jalur 19–23 tiada risiko, 15–18 ringan, 13–14 sederhana, 10–12 tinggi dan 9 atau kurang sangat tinggi. Klik tahap risikonya.

1. 1tiada risiko
2. 2risiko ringan
3. 3risiko sederhana
4. 4risiko tinggi
5. 5risiko sangat tinggi