Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient can wash their face and arms but cannot reach their back and feet. What is the best approach?

1. AAsk the patient to wait until a relative visits
2. BLet the patient do what they can and help with the rest
3. CLeave the back and feet unwashed
4. DWash the patient completely yourself to save time and effort

Pesakit mengalami cirit-birit akut dan disyaki menghidap Clostridioides difficile. Gabungan langkah manakah yang betul?

1. ATunggu keputusan makmal sebelum mengambil sebarang langkah berjaga-jaga
2. BAsingkan pesakit, gunakan sarung tangan dan apron, dan basuh tangan dengan sabun dan air
3. CGunakan sapuan tangan alkohol sahaja, dan kekalkan pesakit di ruang berkongsi dengan langsir ditutup
4. DPakai pelitup respirator sahaja dan tiada sarung tangan

A nurse pours sterile saline into a bowl on a sterile field. Which technique is correct?

1. AHold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
2. BReach across the field to fill the bowl at the far side
3. CPour from below the level of the field to reduce splashing
4. DRest the lip of the bottle on the edge of the bowl so that the saline does not splash

A patient dies after a wrong-drug error, and the hospital carries out a root cause analysis. What is its main focus?

1. ADeciding whether to tell the family about the error
2. BFinding the system and process weaknesses that allowed the error
3. CIdentifying which staff member made the error and should be disciplined
4. DEstimating the legal costs for the hospital

Tugas pembantu jururawat manakah yang sesuai untuk pesakit dua hari selepas penggantian pinggul?

1. AMembantu pesakit ke kerusi, mengikut langkah berjaga-jaga pinggul
2. BMengajar pesakit langkah berjaga-jaga pinggul sebelum discaj
3. CMemeriksa hirisan untuk kemerahan, rasa hangat dan saliran
4. DMenilai sama ada dos terakhir ubat penahan sakit mengawal kesakitan

Sebuah pasukan terdiri daripada seorang RN, seorang LPN/LVN dan seorang pembantu jururawat. Tugasan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. ARN: kemasukan baharu; LPN/LVN: ubat untuk pesakit yang stabil; pembantu: kebersihan
2. BPembantu: kemasukan baharu; LPN/LVN: penjagaan kebersihan; RN: tanda vital rutin pada pesakit yang stabil
3. CPembantu: ubat oral; LPN/LVN: pelan penjagaan; RN: penjagaan kebersihan untuk pesakit yang stabil
4. DLPN/LVN: semua penilaian awal; RN: ubat berjadual; pembantu: pengajaran discaj

Pesakit kegagalan jantung mempunyai kahak merah jambu berbuih dan krepitasi di seluruh kedua-dua paru-paru. Apakah yang sedang berlaku?

1. ASerangan asma
2. BEdema pulmonari akut
3. CPendarahan gastrousus atas
4. DPneumotoraks

After a viral illness, a patient has sharp chest pain that is worse lying flat and eased by sitting forward. What is the most likely cause?

1. APericarditis
2. BAortic dissection
3. CPulmonary oedema
4. DStable angina

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has vomited for 3 days. Which urine finding would the nurse expect?

1. ARed cell casts
2. BKetones
3. CBilirubin
4. DNitrites

Dapatan manakah yang paling kuat mencadangkan bahawa kreatinin pesakit yang meningkat disebabkan oleh kecederaan buah pinggang akut dan bukan penyakit buah pinggang kronik yang lama?

1. APesakit mengalami anemia yang lama
2. BPesakit telah mempunyai kreatinin tinggi selama bertahun-tahun
3. CKreatinin normal tiga hari lalu dan telah berganda sejak itu
4. DPesakit mempunyai buah pinggang yang kecil pada imbasan ultrabunyi

After a vaccination, why is a person asked to wait for a short time before leaving?

1. ATo make sure the injection site does not bruise
2. BTo watch for anaphylaxis, which usually starts within minutes
3. CTo check that the vaccine has already created protective antibodies
4. DTo measure the person's temperature for fever

An older patient with coronary artery disease is starting levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Why is a low starting dose used?

1. AFast replacement raises cardiac oxygen demand and can cause angina
2. BHigh starting doses cause permanent hypothyroidism
3. CLevothyroxine causes severe hypoglycaemia in older patients
4. DOlder patients absorb levothyroxine much better, so small doses are all they need

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. AIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
2. BRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
3. CDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
4. DOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services

A patient being treated for pulmonary TB repeatedly misses doses and stops when they feel better. Which strategy is most effective?

1. ASwitching to a single drug to make it easier
2. BStopping treatment, as it is clearly not working for this patient
3. CDoubling the dose on the days the patient remembers to take it
4. DDirectly observed therapy with support for barriers to adherence

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. AA weight loss of 1 kg (2.2 lb) after a hot day
2. BA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
3. CA weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
4. DDark yellow urine and thirst

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
2. BStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
3. CUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
4. DNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. ANon-selective beta-blockers
2. BCalcium supplements
3. CThiazide diuretics
4. DProton pump inhibitors

During preoperative assessment, a patient says their brother had a "very high fever" during an anaesthetic. What is the most important action?

1. AGive paracetamol before surgery to prevent fever
2. BRecord it as a family allergy to paracetamol
3. CReassure the patient that fevers after anaesthesia are always harmless
4. DInform the anaesthetist, as malignant hyperthermia may run in the family

A woman in preterm labour receives nifedipine. Which side effect should the nurse watch for?

1. ABradycardia and bronchospasm
2. BRespiratory depression and absent reflexes
3. CLow blood pressure and headache
4. DHigh blood glucose and tremor

Wanita pascasalin manakah yang patut dinilai dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AHari ke-2: kejang semasa menyusu
2. BHari ke-1: lokia rubra sederhana dengan beberapa ketulan lebih kecil daripada sekeping syiling
3. CHari ke-3: payudara penuh, tegang dan sakit
4. DSatu jam selepas kelahiran: kadar denyutan jantung 118/min dan fundus lembik

A 15-year-old seems very low in mood. Is it safe for the nurse to ask directly about suicidal thoughts?

1. ANo; asking about suicide may put the idea into the young person's head and raise the risk
2. BYes; asking directly does not increase the risk and helps find those who need help
3. COnly if the parents give written permission first
4. DNo; only a psychiatrist is allowed to ask this question

A preterm baby on milk feeds develops a distended abdomen, larger gastric aspirates and blood in the stool. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the feeds to help the bowel work
2. BRecord it and review at the next feed
3. CGive a glycerine suppository and wait
4. DStop feeds and report at once

How does conduct disorder differ from oppositional defiant disorder?

1. AThe two disorders are exactly the same and differ only in the age at which they are diagnosed
2. BConduct disorder involves violating others' rights, such as cruelty, theft or fire setting
3. CConduct disorder involves only arguing with adults and losing one's temper
4. DOppositional defiant disorder includes serious physical aggression towards animals

Seorang pesakit yang berkeupayaan telah menandatangani persetujuan untuk satu kursus ECT. Selepas dua sesi, dia berkata dia mahu berhenti. Apakah yang betul?

1. ADia boleh menarik balik persetujuannya pada bila-bila masa, dan keputusannya mesti dihormati dan dilaporkan kepada pasukan
2. BDia mesti menyelesaikan kursus itu setelah dia menandatangani
3. CDia hanya boleh berhenti jika keluarganya bersetuju
4. DPersetujuan bertandatangannya menjadi mengikat selepas sesi pertama, maka kursus yang dipersetujui kini mesti diselesaikan

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 4 lb 12 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan glukosa darah ialah 13.7 mmol/L. Dengan menggunakan 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL untuk glukosa, cari c dalam mg/dL kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 12 kg dipreskripsikan 15 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 50 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Preskripsi ialah 3500 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 5000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Titisan berjalan pada 35 gtt/min melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 2 jam?

200 mg ubat dicairkan dalam 100 mL dan diberikan secara graviti melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Arahannya ialah 60 mg sejam. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 100 mL/j. Pada 22:00, 200 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sedikit terhad; kelembapan: sentiasa lembap; aktiviti: terhad pada kerusi; mobiliti: tidak bergerak sepenuhnya; pemakanan: mungkin tidak mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 8/min, SpO₂ 94% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 106/64 mmHg, nadi 140/min, sedar, suhu 38.1 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi