Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Which of these is one of the five rights of delegation?

1. AThe right supervision
2. BThe right time of year
3. CThe right uniform
4. DThe right salary

Aspirate from a newly placed nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. AFlush the tube with water and start the feed
2. BPush air down the tube and listen over the stomach
3. CNot use the tube and follow policy, which may mean a chest X-ray
4. DStart the feed, as a pH of 7 confirms that the tube is in the stomach

Sebelum memberikan tablet, pesakit berkata, “Pil ini kelihatan berbeza daripada yang biasa saya makan.” Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMemberikan separuh pil dan memerhatikan sebarang kesan luar biasa
2. BMemberitahu pesakit bahawa semua pil kelihatan berbeza di hospital
3. CBerhenti dan semak semula arahan serta ubat sebelum memberikannya
4. DMenenangkan pesakit dan memberikan pil itu

Seorang pesakit yang menjalani langkah berjaga-jaga udara memerlukan imbasan CT segera. Rancangan manakah yang betul?

1. APesakit memakai respirator N95, jadi kakitangan tidak memerlukan perlindungan
2. BPesakit pergi tanpa pelitup muka, dan bilik CT dibersihkan pada hari berikutnya
3. CPesakit dipakaikan pelitup muka, CT dimaklumkan lebih awal, kakitangan memakai respirator
4. DImbasan ditangguhkan sehingga pesakit tidak lagi berjangkit

A woman calls to say her husband suddenly has a drooping face and slurred speech. What should the nurse advise?

1. ADrive him to the hospital yourself after he has eaten dinner
2. BLet him lie down and see if it improves
3. CBook an appointment with his doctor next week
4. DCall emergency services now and note the time it started

An RN has five patients and a nursing assistant. One patient has just become short of breath. Which task should the RN delegate so that the RN can go to that patient?

1. AAssessing the breathless patient’s lung sounds
2. BMorning vital signs on the four stable patients
3. CGiving the breathless patient’s IV furosemide
4. DExplaining the new diagnosis to the breathless patient’s family

What should the nurse regularly check for a patient with a syringe driver?

1. AOnly that the battery is charged and the device is switched on
2. BThe infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
3. COnly the patient's weight, measured once a week on the same scales
4. DNothing, once the syringe driver is running

A patient's hypoglycaemia was caused by a sulfonylurea such as gliclazide or glipizide. Why might they need monitoring for longer than usual?

1. ASulfonylureas only work at night
2. BThe drug causes rebound hyperglycaemia later the same day
3. CSulfonylureas act for a long time, so hypoglycaemia can recur
4. DThe drug makes glucose tablets and drinks ineffective

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
2. BGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
3. COrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
4. DGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed

An older adult with type 2 diabetes is drowsy and very dehydrated. Glucose 920 mg/dL (51 mmol/L), serum osmolality 350 mOsm/kg, pH 7.36, urine ketones negative or trace. Which condition fits best?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
2. BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
3. CDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
4. DMetformin-related lactic acidosis

During adult cardiac arrest, how often is IV adrenaline (epinephrine) usually repeated?

1. AOnce only, at the start
2. BEvery 15–20 minutes
3. CEvery 3–5 minutes
4. DEvery 30 seconds

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. ANormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
2. BWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
3. CVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
4. DHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ASlow injection makes the urine output larger
2. BRapid high doses can damage hearing
3. CRapid doses cause severe constipation
4. DRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise

Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein
2. BCompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
3. CExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound
4. DCramp from lying still in bed

Selepas pembedahan pituitari, seorang pesakit mengeluarkan 400 mL air kencing sejam selama tiga jam dengan graviti spesifik rendah. Apakah yang patut disyaki oleh jururawat?

1. AKecederaan buah pinggang akut
2. BSIADH
3. CDiuresis normal
4. DDiabetes insipidus

A patient on insulin has worsening chronic kidney disease and is having more hypos. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is eating far more carbohydrate than before
2. BKidney disease makes the body resistant to insulin
3. CThe kidneys clear less insulin, so it lasts longer
4. DKidney disease makes the meter read too low

Keabnormalan elektrolit manakah yang boleh menyumbang kepada ileus pasca-operasi?

1. AHiperfosfatemia
2. BHipernatremia
3. CHiperkalemia
4. DHipokalemia

During a nerve block, a patient reports a metallic taste and ringing in the ears, then has a seizure. Besides calling for help and supporting the airway, which specific treatment is given?

1. AIV lipid emulsion
2. BIV glucose 50%
3. CIV dantrolene
4. DIV naloxone

In which order do the final cardinal movements of labour occur after extension?

1. AExternal rotation, flexion, expulsion
2. BExpulsion, restitution, external rotation
3. CRestitution, external rotation, expulsion
4. DInternal rotation, descent, expulsion

Which newborn finding should prompt checks for kidney and other anomalies?

1. AAcrocyanosis in the first hours
2. BMilia on the nose
3. CMild moulding of the head
4. DA single umbilical artery

Which instruction about giving oral liquid iron to a child is correct?

1. AStop the iron straight away if the stools turn dark green or black, as this means bleeding
2. BGive it together with an antacid to protect the stomach
3. CGive it mixed in a full bottle of milk to reduce stomach upset
4. DGive it with a syringe or straw towards the back of the mouth; dark stools are expected

A child has a swollen, red eyelid with fever, pain on moving the eye and blurred vision. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn insect bite, which needs only a cold compress
2. BSimple conjunctivitis, treated with eye drops at home
3. COrbital cellulitis, which needs urgent review and IV antibiotics
4. DA stye, which will drain on its own with warm compresses

The nurse notices that she is spending much longer with one patient than with the others and feels she is the only one who can help him. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AAn ideal therapeutic relationship
2. BPossible boundary problems that she should discuss in supervision
3. CThat the patient needs to be transferred to another unit
4. DTransference by the patient towards the nurse, which is never the nurse's concern

Seorang pesakit berjalan mundar-mandir, mengepal penumbuk dan menjerit kepada kakitangan. Apakah pendekatan pertama yang paling sesuai?

1. AKekang pesakit serta-merta
2. BBerpaling dan abaikan tingkah laku itu
3. CBerdiri dekat dengan pesakit dan tinggikan suara anda supaya anda jelas mengawal keadaan
4. DGunakan penurunan ketegangan secara lisan yang tenang, kekalkan jarak yang selamat dan pastikan kedua-dua anda mempunyai jalan keluar

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan dos untuk suntikan memberikan 2.6169 mL. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah isi padu 1 mL atau lebih dibundarkan kepada persepuluh mL yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan hemoglobin ialah 93 g/L. Nyatakan dalam g/dL Hb.

Seorang pesakit berberat 25 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 10 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 2 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Preskripsi ialah 9500 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 10000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 6 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Sebuah beg mengandungi 2 g ubat dalam 500 mL. Arahannya ialah 1 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 68 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Pada 06:00, 500 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sedikit terhad; kelembapan: jarang lembap; aktiviti: berjalan sekali-sekala; mobiliti: tidak bergerak sepenuhnya; pemakanan: mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: tiada masalah ketara. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 61 kg dan setinggi 176 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III