Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient has just finished a glass of iced water. How should this affect taking an oral temperature?

1. ATake it straight away, as cold drinks do not affect the mouth
2. BUse the reading but only if the patient says they feel warm
3. CAdd half a degree to the reading to correct for the drink
4. DWait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low

Dalam syok hipovolemik awal pada orang dewasa muda, tanda manakah yang biasanya muncul sebelum tekanan darah turun?

1. ATekanan darah sangat rendah
2. BKadar jantung meningkat dengan hujung badan sejuk
3. CKadar jantung perlahan
4. DKulit hangat dan merah

A nurse has been fit-tested for an N95 respirator. What should the nurse do each time it is put on?

1. APerform a user seal check
2. BMoisten the edges so it seals better
3. CArrange a new fit test
4. DWear a surgical mask underneath it

Only one airborne infection isolation room (negative pressure) is free. Which newly admitted patient should be placed in it?

1. AA patient with an MRSA wound infection
2. BA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
3. CA patient with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis
4. DA patient with confirmed seasonal influenza and a cough

Two hours after birth, the nurse finds the uterus firm but above the umbilicus and pushed to the right. What should the nurse do first?

1. AHelp the patient empty her bladder
2. BMassage the uterus firmly for ten minutes
3. CGive a dose of oxytocin straight away
4. DAsk the patient to lie still for another hour

A patient with a head injury has a pupil on one side that is now large and does not react to light. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
2. BDim the room lights so the pupil can get smaller
3. CDocument it, because pupils often differ slightly after a head injury
4. DRecheck it at the next routine observation in four hours

A patient on the ward has shingles with open blisters. Which people are most at risk from contact?

1. APeople who have already had chickenpox in childhood and are now healthy
2. BPregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
3. COnly people over 80 who have already had shingles themselves
4. DNo one, because shingles cannot spread

After a head injury, a patient passes very large volumes of dilute urine and the serum sodium is rising. What is most likely?

1. ADiabetes insipidus
2. BAcute kidney injury
3. CDiabetes mellitus
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

Makmal menelefon wad dengan keputusan kritikal kalium 6.9 mEq/L. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMinta makmal mengulang ujian sebelum memberitahu sesiapa
2. BRekodkan nilai itu dan serahkan kepada syif seterusnya
3. CTunggu laporan bertulis tiba sebelum mengambil sebarang tindakan
4. DBaca semula nilai itu, nilai pesakit dan maklumkan pembekal

A trauma patient receives many units of blood quickly and then develops muscle twitching and low blood pressure. Which laboratory value is most likely to explain this?

1. AA high serum sodium
2. BA low ionized calcium
3. CA high serum magnesium
4. DA low serum glucose

A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?

1. ABlood drug levels and kidney function
2. BThyroid function and bone density
3. CPeak expiratory flow
4. DSerum amylase

A nurse calculates a child's dose and finds it is ten times higher than the usual range in the drug reference. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold it, recheck the calculation and clarify with the prescriber
2. BGive the dose, because the prescriber is responsible for the order
3. CGive half the dose as a compromise
4. DGive one tenth of the dose without telling anyone

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent gout attacks
2. BTo prevent loss of colour vision
3. CTo prevent orange discolouration of urine
4. DTo prevent peripheral neuropathy

Four hours after cardiac surgery, the mediastinal drain, which had been draining steadily, suddenly stops. BP falls to 84/60 mmHg, the heart rate rises and the CVP climbs. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal recovery, as the bleeding has stopped
2. BFluid overload from intravenous fluids
3. CCardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
4. DA tension pneumothorax on the left side

A patient with a spinal cord injury can still feel a light touch around the anus. What does this show?

1. AThe sensation is only a spinal reflex and has no real meaning for recovery
2. BThe injury is incomplete, which suggests a better chance of recovery
3. CThe injury is complete, and recovery is not possible
4. DThe patient has an injury of the brain, not the cord

A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?

1. AThe blood glucose, because it may fall
2. BThe potassium, because it may rise
3. CThe urine output, because it may stop
4. DThe INR, because it may rise

Which statement about fatigue during radiotherapy is correct?

1. AIt is caused by the patient becoming radioactive
2. BIt occurs only after the first session and then disappears completely
3. CIt means the radiotherapy has failed
4. DIt often builds during the course and can last for weeks

During burn resuscitation, a 70 kg adult's urine output has been 120 mL/h for 3 hours, and the face and limbs are very oedematous. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a diuretic without discussing it
2. BDiscuss reducing the fluid rate with the team
3. CIncrease the fluid rate to keep the output high
4. DStop all IV fluids completely and remove the catheter

Which nursing measure is used during phototherapy?

1. AKeep the baby fully clothed under the lights
2. BRemove the eye shields while the lights are on
3. CTurn the baby often and monitor hydration
4. DLimit feeds to reduce stooling

Satu jam selepas kelahiran, bayi besar kepada ibu yang menghidap diabetes menggigil-gigil dan menyusu dengan lemah. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMemandikan bayi untuk mengejutkannya
2. BMenenangkan ibu bapa bahawa menggigil-gigil itu normal
3. CMemeriksa glukosa darah bayi
4. DMembedung bayi dengan ketat dan menyemak semula dalam 4 jam

Which newborn problem may be the first sign of cystic fibrosis?

1. AUmbilical hernia
2. BPhysiological jaundice
3. CErythema toxicum
4. DMeconium ileus

Which child on the renal ward should the nurse assess first?

1. AA 7-year-old with glomerulonephritis who has a severe headache and blurred vision
2. BA 4-year-old with nephrotic syndrome and mild puffy eyelids, stable since admission
3. CA 6-year-old on IV antibiotics for a UTI who has had no fever for 24 hours
4. DA 2-year-old after hypospadias repair with clear urine in the catheter bag

Apakah yang patut diajar kepada pesakit yang mengambil klozapin untuk dilaporkan dengan segera?

1. ADemam, sakit tekak atau tanda jangkitan lain
2. BMengantuk ringan selepas dos petang
3. CKeinginan untuk makan lebih banyak
4. DPeningkatan air liur pada waktu malam

The parents of a 15-year-old with anorexia nervosa ask what treatment is usually recommended first. Which answer is most accurate?

1. AFamily-based treatment, in which the parents take an active role in restoring the child's eating
2. BLong-term treatment in an inpatient unit far away from her family, so that the parents cannot interfere
3. CLeaving the young person to decide on her own when to start eating more
4. DMedicine alone, because therapy is not effective in adolescents

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu penukaran berat memberikan 15.0254 kg. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah berat dibundarkan kepada persepuluh kilogram yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 3 tbsp daripada suplemen cecair, 3 fl oz daripada jus, 1½ cawan daripada teh, 2 tsp daripada sirap batuk. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit seberat 54 kg mempunyai luas permukaan badan 1.48 m². Preskripsi ialah 175 mg/m². Cari dos D dalam mg.

Satu infusi mengandungi 50000 unit ubat dalam 500 mL. Preskripsi ialah 800 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 3 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 500 mg ubat dalam 100 mL dan berjalan pada 30 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 80 mL/j. Pada 07:00, 550 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 12/min, SpO₂ 91% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 118/70 mmHg, nadi 82/min, sedar, suhu 37.1 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: terhad sepenuhnya; kelembapan: jarang lembap; aktiviti: terlantar di katil; mobiliti: sangat terhad; pemakanan: mungkin tidak mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Gunakan jalur 19–23 tiada risiko, 15–18 ringan, 13–14 sederhana, 10–12 tinggi dan 9 atau kurang sangat tinggi. Klik tahap risikonya.

1. 1tiada risiko
2. 2risiko ringan
3. 3risiko sederhana
4. 4risiko tinggi
5. 5risiko sangat tinggi