Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Where in the eye should eye drops be placed?

1. AInto the pocket of the lower eyelid
2. BDirectly onto the centre of the cornea
3. COnto the upper eyelid while the eye is shut
4. DInto the inner corner of the eye only

During medicines reconciliation, the patient says they take an anticoagulant at home, but it has not been prescribed in hospital. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the patient's own supply without telling anyone
2. BInform the prescriber so the omission can be reviewed
3. CIgnore it, as the hospital doctor knows best
4. DTell the patient to stop it for good

A portable x-ray is taken at the bedside. Which action protects the nurse?

1. AStep away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure
2. BStay close to the patient to keep them still without protection
3. CLook directly at the x-ray tube during the exposure to check its position
4. DStand next to the patient and hold the film without protection

Which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. AA patient on chemotherapy with a new temperature of 38.4 °C (101.1 °F)
2. BA patient who wants more alcohol hand rub in the room
3. CA patient with an MRSA wound due for a routine dressing change
4. DA patient with tuberculosis who is asking to have visitors

Which patient is most suitable for the nurse to assign to a nurse who has just finished orientation?

1. AA patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
2. BA patient with sepsis whose blood pressure is falling
3. CA patient with a new tracheostomy who needs frequent suctioning
4. DA patient on a continuous heparin infusion with rising aPTT values

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has cloudy fluid draining out and abdominal pain. What does this most likely mean?

1. AConstipation that will settle with a laxative later today or tomorrow
2. BToo much fluid left in the abdomen after the drain
3. CPeritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
4. DA normal finding at the end of each exchange

Which of these is a non-drug measure that can help relieve pain?

1. AKeeping the patient awake all night
2. BTelling the patient that the pain is not real
3. CRepositioning and distraction
4. DRestricting visitors completely

A patient who used sildenafil the day before develops chest pain. Why is glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin) normally avoided?

1. ASildenafil stops GTN from being absorbed under the tongue at all
2. BThe combination causes severe hyperkalaemia
3. CGTN makes sildenafil toxic to the liver
4. DThe combination can cause a severe, dangerous fall in blood pressure

Makmal menelefon wad dengan keputusan kritikal kalium 6.9 mEq/L. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMinta makmal mengulang ujian sebelum memberitahu sesiapa
2. BRekodkan nilai itu dan serahkan kepada syif seterusnya
3. CBaca semula nilai itu, nilai pesakit dan maklumkan pembekal
4. DTunggu laporan bertulis tiba sebelum mengambil sebarang tindakan

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AOral glucose-lowering tablets
2. BStrict fluid restriction
3. CLarge-volume IV fluid replacement
4. DAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate

Kesan sampingan manakah yang tipikal bagi penyekat saluran kalsium amlodipin?

1. ABatuk kering
2. BBengkak buku lali
3. CHiperkalemia
4. DBronkospasma

Lelaki berumur 80 tahun dengan prostat membesar mula mengambil oksibutinin untuk pundi kencing terlebih aktif. Dia menjadi keliru dan tidak dapat membuang air kecil. Apakah penjelasan yang paling mungkin?

1. AKesan buruk antikolinergik
2. BSindrom serotonin
3. CTindak balas alergi terhadap ubat
4. DKetoksikan opioid

Apakah maksud keputusan D-dimer yang meningkat?

1. ATrombosis vena dalam telah disingkirkan dengan selamat
2. BDos antikoagulan terlalu rendah dan mesti dinaikkan
3. CEmbolisme pulmonari atau DVT telah disahkan
4. DPemecahan fibrin hadir, tetapi ia tidak membuktikan adanya bekuan

Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
2. BPericarditis from the operation
3. CNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
4. DCostochondritis caused by forceful coughing

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ADaily chest X-rays
2. BRegular forced vital capacity measurements
3. COxygen saturation alone
4. DPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator

Seorang pesakit dengan pemakanan enteral berterusan semalaman menerima insulin yang dijadualkan mengikut suapan. Pada pukul 02:00 tiub tersumbat dan suapan berhenti. Apakah risiko utama, dan apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AKetoasidosis; menghentikan semua insulin sehingga pagi
2. BHiperglisemia; memberikan dos insulin tambahan serta-merta
3. CHipoglisemia; kerap memeriksa glukosa dan mengikut pelan perlindungan glukosa
4. DTiada risiko; insulin hanya akan disimpan sehingga suapan bermula semula

Apakah itu ileus paralitik?

1. ASekatan lumen usus oleh tumor
2. BJangkitan pada dinding usus dengan demam
3. CKehilangan pergerakan usus tanpa sekatan fizikal
4. DPuntiran pada usus besar yang menghalang bekalan darahnya

A patient with long-standing chronic pancreatitis now has weight loss, thirst and passing large volumes of urine. What should the nurse check first?

1. AAbdominal girth
2. BSerum amylase level
3. CPeak expiratory flow
4. DCapillary blood glucose

What should parents be taught about the water for a newborn's bath?

1. AAdd adult bubble bath to soften the baby's skin
2. BUse very hot water so that germs on the skin are killed
3. CCheck that it is warm, not hot, before the baby goes in
4. DLeave the baby briefly if the water is only shallow

A woman at 34 weeks with type 1 diabetes has a blood glucose of 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL), is sweating and shaky but is alert. What should the nurse do first?

1. AWait until her next meal
2. BCheck the fetal heart rate before any treatment
3. CGive fast-acting glucose by mouth and recheck
4. DGive her usual insulin dose

Which diet is usually recommended for a child with cystic fibrosis?

1. AA low-salt diet to protect the heart and kidneys from damage later in life
2. BA low-fat diet to reduce greasy stools and abdominal pain
3. CA high-energy, high-fat diet with fat-soluble vitamin supplements
4. DA low-protein diet to reduce the work of the pancreas

Seorang kanak-kanak menerima kalium klorida IV. Jururawat mendapati tapak kanula bengkak dan pucat dan kanak-kanak itu menangis. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AHentikan infusi dan nilai tapak itu
2. BTingkatkan kadar infusi untuk menyiapkannya lebih cepat
3. CTenangkan kanak-kanak itu dan teruskan infusi
4. DLetakkan pembalut ketat di atas tapak itu

When is the best time to teach a patient with an anxiety disorder a relaxation technique?

1. ADuring a panic attack, when the patient needs it most
2. BOnly after the patient has been discharged from hospital
3. CWhen the patient's anxiety is severe, so that the effect can be seen clearly
4. DWhen the patient's anxiety is at a mild level

Lima hari selepas memulakan haloperidol, seorang pesakit mempunyai suhu 40 °C, anggota yang kaku, kekeliruan, tekanan darah yang turun naik dan berpeluh. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. ABeri satu lagi dos haloperidol untuk menenangkannya
2. BTahan antipsikotik dan dapatkan bantuan perubatan segera
3. CBeri parasetamol untuk demam dan semak semula pemerhatian dalam 4 jam
4. DGalakkan dia bersenam untuk mengurangkan kekakuan

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 12:50 AM. Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 112:50
2. 200:50
3. 301:50
4. 424:50

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 23:25 dan tamat pada 04:05 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 9 kg dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 50 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Satu infusi mengandungi 50000 unit ubat dalam 500 mL. Preskripsi ialah 800 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Titisan berjalan pada 25 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 8 jam?

Satu titisan berjalan pada 32 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Terdapat 600 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 09:15 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 50 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 11:45?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: terhad sepenuhnya; kelembapan: kadang-kadang lembap; aktiviti: kerap berjalan; mobiliti: tiada had; pemakanan: cemerlang; geseran dan ricih: potensi masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pasukan menyasarkan tekanan arteri purata sekurang-kurangnya 60 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik pesakit ialah 100 mmHg. Dengan menggunakan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, apakah tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberikan MAP 60 mmHg?