Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient asks to see their own health records. What is correct in the UK?

1. APatients can see their records only with a court order
2. BOnly doctors are allowed to see health records
3. CPatients have a legal right to request access to their records
4. DPatients can only see their records once they have been discharged

Which newly started medication most increases an older patient's risk of falling?

1. AAn emollient cream for dry skin
2. BA night-time sedative such as a benzodiazepine
3. CA vitamin D supplement
4. DRegular paracetamol (acetaminophen) for back pain

A visitor with a cold wants to see a patient who has severe neutropenia. What should the nurse advise?

1. AVisit as usual after washing the hands
2. BVisit but avoid touching the patient’s bed
3. CPostpone the visit until the visitor is well
4. DVisit only if the cold started more than a day ago

Tindakan jururawat manakah yang menunjukkan bahawa lima saat kebersihan tangan dipatuhi?

1. ADia membersihkan tangannya selepas menyentuh palang katil
2. BDia memakai sarung tangan yang sama antara dua pesakit
3. CDia membersihkan tangannya hanya pada awal dan akhir syif
4. DDia membersihkan tangannya hanya apabila ia kelihatan kotor

A patient has a reddened area on the sacrum that does not blanch when pressed. What is the priority action?

1. ARelieve pressure on the area by changing position regularly
2. BApply a heat pad to the area to increase circulation
3. CMassage the area firmly to improve the blood flow to the skin
4. DKeep the patient lying on the back to protect the area

A patient with known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back pain, a pulsing mass in the abdomen and a falling blood pressure. What should the nurse do?

1. APalpate the mass firmly to check its size and spread
2. BCall for emergency help at once and prepare for urgent surgery
3. CGive an oral analgesic and reassess the patient in about one hour
4. DEncourage the patient to walk to ease the back pain

Which advice is correct for a patient taking levothyroxine?

1. AStop taking it once the symptoms improve
2. BTake it with a large meal to avoid nausea and stomach upset
3. CTake it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
4. DTake it only on days when feeling tired

A patient suddenly develops a painful red eye with blurred vision, haloes around lights and vomiting. What should be suspected?

1. ADry eye syndrome
2. BAcute angle-closure glaucoma
3. CA stye
4. DSimple conjunctivitis from a viral infection

A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?

1. AUric acid
2. BPhosphate
3. CSodium bicarbonate
4. DMagnesium

Mengapakah kreatinin yang normal boleh mengelirukan pada warga emas yang lemah dengan jisim otot yang rendah?

1. AKreatinin yang normal sentiasa membuktikan fungsi buah pinggang yang normal
2. BParas kreatinin tidak bergantung pada jisim otot sama sekali
3. COtot yang kurang menghasilkan kreatinin yang kurang, menyembunyikan fungsi buah pinggang yang berkurang
4. DWarga emas sentiasa mempunyai kreatinin lebih tinggi daripada orang muda

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a slow infusion over one hour
2. BAs a tablet under the tongue
3. CAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
4. DAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle

A child has a tonic–clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes at home and has no IV access. Which drug can be given first by a trained carer or paramedic?

1. AIntramuscular morphine
2. BOral paracetamol syrup
3. CBuccal or intranasal midazolam
4. DOral phenytoin tablets crushed in water

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be accurate but slower
2. BThe reading will be falsely high
3. CThe reading will be falsely low
4. DOnly the pulse rate will be affected

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
2. BVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
3. CVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth
4. DVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min

A patient with Addison's disease takes fludrocortisone as well as hydrocortisone. Why?

1. ATo lower the blood pressure
2. BTo replace the missing adrenaline
3. CTo replace the missing aldosterone
4. DTo treat a low thyroid hormone level

Why may HbA1c be unreliable in a patient with haemolytic anaemia or a recent large blood transfusion?

1. AIt depends on how long red blood cells survive in the blood
2. BBlood transfusions contain large amounts of glucose
3. CThe test only measures the glucose in the plasma, not in the cells
4. DAnaemia always makes the HbA1c very high

Pernyataan manakah tentang analgesia multimodal yang betul?

1. AHanya satu analgesik patut diberikan pada satu masa
2. BIa kaedah yang digunakan hanya untuk kesakitan kronik jangka panjang
3. CUbat dengan tindakan berbeza digabungkan untuk mengurangkan keperluan opioid
4. DBeberapa opioid berbeza digabungkan untuk kesan keseluruhan yang lebih kuat

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
2. BReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
3. CUse a heat pad to speed healing
4. DApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing

On abdominal palpation at 39 weeks, only 2/5 of the fetal head can be felt above the pelvic brim. How is this interpreted?

1. AThe head is engaged in the pelvis
2. BThe fetus is in a breech presentation
3. CThe head is crowning at the vulva
4. DThe head is free above the pelvic brim

A woman in active labour has been at 6 cm for 4 hours despite regular contractions. Which factor among the "5 Ps" should the nurse consider first?

1. AThe placenta: whether it is anterior or posterior
2. BThe passenger: fetal size, position or presentation
3. CThe pulse rate during contractions
4. DThe past history of her mother's labour

Why should a child with diabetes rotate insulin injection sites?

1. ABecause the same site causes an allergy to insulin
2. BTo stop the insulin from becoming less effective over the years
3. CTo prevent lumpy fatty areas that absorb insulin unpredictably
4. DTo make sure each part of the body gets the same amount of insulin

Sebuah keluarga berkeras untuk kekal bersama anak mereka semasa prosedur yang menyakitkan. Apakah tindak balas yang paling sesuai dalam penjagaan berpusatkan keluarga?

1. AMembenarkan mereka tinggal hanya jika mereka berdiri di sudut dan tidak menyentuh, memegang atau bercakap dengan kanak-kanak itu
2. BMenyokong kehadiran mereka, menyediakan mereka untuk apa yang akan dilihat dan memberi mereka peranan yang menenangkan
3. CBerkeras bahawa mereka menunggu di luar dalam setiap kes
4. DMemberitahu mereka bahawa kehadiran mereka menjadikan kanak-kanak itu berkelakuan lebih teruk

A patient says, "Nobody at work likes me." Which nurse response best reflects cognitive restructuring?

1. A"Why do you care what people at work think?"
2. B"I'm sure everybody likes you."
3. C"What evidence do you have that nobody likes you?"
4. D"You should find a new job where people like you."

During a ward community meeting, several patients complain that the ward is too noisy at night. What reflects a therapeutic milieu?

1. AEnd the meeting so the complaint is not discussed further
2. BAsk the patients to write their complaints down and then do nothing
3. CDiscuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution
4. DTell the patients that the rules cannot be changed

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 4 kaki 3 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan glukosa darah ialah 149 mg/dL. Dengan menggunakan 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL untuk glukosa, cari c dalam mmol/L. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 37 kg dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 50 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Preskripsi ialah 2950 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 5000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 10 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 250 mg ubat dalam 50 mL dan berjalan pada 12 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 150 mL/j. Pada 11:30, 50 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 7/min, SpO₂ 98% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 136/82 mmHg, nadi 76/min, sedar, suhu 38.4 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi