Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A dying patient is no longer drinking and breathes through the mouth. What mouth care is most appropriate?

1. AKeep the mouth and lips moist with frequent gentle care
2. BAvoid mouth care so the patient is not disturbed
3. CGive large drinks of water every hour
4. DClean the mouth only once a day with a hard toothbrush

The wife of a man with terminal cancer cries often and says she is already grieving for him. What is this called?

1. AComplicated grief
2. BDelayed grief
3. CAnticipatory grief
4. DDisenfranchised grief

A patient with diabetes will use lancets and insulin needles at home. Which teaching about disposal is correct?

1. AFlush the used lancets and needles down the toilet
2. BPut them loose in the household trash bag, as long as the bag is tied shut
3. CRecap each needle with two hands before putting it in the kitchen trash
4. DPut them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules

A patient’s WBC is 4,000/mm³, with 30% neutrophils and 5% bands. What is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

1. A1,200/mm³
2. B1,400/mm³
3. C3,500/mm³
4. D140/mm³

Semasa triaj START, seorang dewasa yang tidak boleh berjalan bernafas 22 kali seminit, mempunyai nadi radial dan mengikut arahan mudah, tetapi mempunyai patah kaki yang jelas. Kategori manakah yang diberikan kepada mangsa itu?

1. AHijau (kecil)
2. BKuning (ditangguhkan)
3. CHitam (dijangka maut)
4. DMerah (segera)

Which patient is the best choice for the room closest to the nurses’ station?

1. AA patient with stable diabetes who walks independently
2. BA patient admitted for a planned scan, feeling well
3. CA young adult waiting for discharge tomorrow
4. DA confused older adult at high risk of falls

A pressure ulcer shows full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone. Which category (stage) is this?

1. ACategory 4
2. BCategory 2
3. CCategory 3
4. DCategory 1

Which sign is often a late finding in hypovolaemic shock in a young, previously fit adult?

1. AA rise in heart rate
2. BA fall in blood pressure
3. CCool peripheries
4. DA slightly raised respiratory rate

A patient taking a statin reports new, unexplained muscle pain and weakness. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered?

1. ACreatine kinase (CK)
2. BCardiac troponin
3. CSerum lipase
4. DSerum ammonia

A patient with a round face, central weight gain and purple stretch marks has a glucose of 210 mg/dL (11.7 mmol/L) and a potassium of 3.1 mEq/L. Which condition fits best?

1. AAdrenal insufficiency
2. BDiabetes insipidus
3. CCushing syndrome
4. DHypothyroidism

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly
2. BGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster
3. CGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing
4. DMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and feels well. Why is treatment still urgent?

1. AThe drug will cause kidney stones within a few hours
2. BLiver damage appears 1–3 days later, and early treatment works best
3. CParacetamol overdose only causes harm if symptoms start in the first hour
4. DThe patient is at risk of immediate respiratory arrest

Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?

1. ALoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
2. BTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best
3. CCorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
4. DPoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage

Sebelum dos digoksin pada pagi hari, nadi apeks pesakit ialah 54/min dan pesakit berasa loya. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMenahan dos dan melaporkannya, kerana ketoksikan mungkin berlaku
2. BMemberikan dos dan antiemetik, kemudian menyemak semula nadi esok
3. CMemberikan separuh dos dan menyemak semula nadi dalam sejam
4. DMemberikan dos, kerana hanya nadi radial yang dikira

Where is the zero point of an external ventricular drain usually levelled?

1. AAt the level of the umbilicus
2. BAt the mid-axillary line of the chest
3. CAt the tragus of the ear
4. DAt the top of the head

Seorang pesakit dalam vest halo untuk patah tulang belakang servikal mengalami henti jantung. Apakah yang mesti tersedia dengan segera?

1. ABantal untuk menaikkan kepala dan bahu
2. BAlat untuk membuka bahagian hadapan vest bagi CPR
3. CGunting untuk memotong pin tengkorak
4. DPapan keras untuk diselitkan di bawah vest

Suplemen herba manakah yang lazim ditanya sebelum pembedahan kerana ia mungkin meningkatkan pendarahan?

1. AKranberi
2. BMinyak pudina
3. CKamomil
4. DGinkgo biloba

Seorang pesakit kanser prostat yang diketahui melaporkan sakit belakang baharu yang bertambah teruk dan kelemahan kaki. Apakah tindakan yang paling penting?

1. AMengatur fisioterapi rutin untuk sakit belakang dalam masa sebulan
2. BMenenangkan pesakit bahawa sakit belakang adalah lazim dan tidak serius
3. CKemungkinan mampatan saraf tunjang: buat eskalasi, steroid seperti yang dipreskripsikan, MRI segera
4. DMenasihati berehat di rumah dengan parasetamol dan semakan pada lawatan klinik seterusnya

Low-dose aspirin may be prescribed from early pregnancy to a woman with a high risk of:

1. AGestational diabetes
2. BPre-eclampsia
3. CHyperemesis gravidarum
4. DPlacenta praevia

A woman who had a stillbirth asks the nurse why it happened. What is the most appropriate response?

1. AAcknowledge her grief; tests may find a cause
2. BTell her it was probably something she ate
3. CTell her she should not have exercised
4. DChange the subject to avoid upsetting her

Selepas pembaikan bibir sumbing, tindakan kejururawatan manakah yang melindungi garis jahitan?

1. ALetakkan bayi telentang atau mengiring dan elakkan meletakkan objek dalam mulut
2. BBersihkan garis jahitan dengan kain kering yang kasar untuk membuang kerak beberapa kali sehari
3. CBiarkan bayi menghisap puting getah serta-merta
4. DLetakkan bayi meniarap untuk tidur

Seorang remaja perempuan berumur 15 tahun dengan diabetes jenis 1 telah kehilangan berat badan, dan HbA1c-nya meningkat mendadak. Dia mengaku melangkau dos insulin. Apakah yang patut dipertimbangkan oleh jururawat?

1. AKehilangan berat badan ialah tanda baik kawalan yang bertambah baik, jadi dos insulinnya kini boleh dikurangkan lagi
2. BDia hanya memerlukan dos insulin yang lebih rendah
3. CDia mungkin meninggalkan insulin untuk menurunkan berat badan, satu bentuk gangguan pemakanan yang memerlukan penilaian
4. DMeter glukosa mesti rosak

Which nursing action at mealtimes is most appropriate for a patient with anorexia nervosa?

1. ASupervise the meal and observe the patient for an agreed period afterwards
2. BLet the patient eat alone in her room for privacy
3. CTalk with the patient at length about calories during the meal
4. DAllow the patient to choose to skip meals if she says she feels full or unwell

A patient who had been abstinent from alcohol for 6 months has started drinking again. He says, "I've failed completely. There's no point in trying." What is the most helpful response?

1. A"You obviously weren't serious about stopping."
2. B"You'll have to start a completely new treatment from the beginning."
3. C"Yes, I'm afraid you've wasted all of your hard work over the last six months."
4. D"Relapse is common in recovery. Let's look at what led to it and what you learned."

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 38.8 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 2 tsp ampaian oral empat kali sehari selama 7 hari. Dengan menggunakan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa mL V yang diperlukan untuk seluruh kursus rawatan?

Satu ampul epinefrina (adrenalin) dilabel 1:1000 (1 mg/mL). Preskripsi ialah 0.3 mg IM untuk anafilaksis. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda sedut?

Anda perlu menyediakan 250 mL larutan 1% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 10% (w/v). Berapa banyak air W yang mesti ditambah pada stok?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 2 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 100 mg ubat dalam 250 mL dan berjalan pada 12 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 06:00 dengan 80 mL/j. Selepas 4 jam kadar ditukar kepada 150 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 12/min, SpO₂ 98% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 110/66 mmHg, nadi 98/min, sedar, suhu 36.1 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 1 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai badan merah jambu dengan tangan dan kaki biru, kadar denyutan jantung 110/min, menangis, batuk atau bersin apabila dirangsang, pergerakan aktif dan pernafasan perlahan dan tidak teratur dengan tangisan lemah. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah