Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Bagaimanakah diagnosis kejururawatan berbeza daripada diagnosis perubatan?

1. AIa hanya digunakan selepas pembedahan
2. BIa dibuat oleh doktor dan disalin oleh jururawat
3. CIa menerangkan tindak balas pesakit terhadap masalah kesihatan
4. DIa menamakan penyakit atau patologi yang menyebabkan gejala pesakit

A patient with delirium tries to leave the ward at night, saying they are going home, and would be at serious risk outside. What is correct (England and Wales)?

1. AGive a sedative without asking anyone
2. BLet them leave, as all adults are free to go wherever they like
3. CAssess capacity and, if it is lacking, act in their best interests
4. DLock them in a side room until the morning for their own safety

After teaching a patient about a new medication, how does the nurse best check understanding?

1. AAsk the family whether they understood the teaching
2. BAsk “Do you understand?” and accept a yes
3. CGive a printed leaflet about the drug and assume the patient will read it at home
4. DAsk the patient to explain in their own words how and when to take it

A nurse teaches a patient about care of a surgical incision at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
2. B“I will wash my hands with soap before I touch or change the dressing.”
3. C“I will keep the dressing clean and dry as I was shown.”
4. D“I will call the clinic if I get a fever or more pain around the wound.”

A nursing assistant tells the RN that a patient’s IV pump is alarming. What is the best response?

1. A“Silence the alarm and I will check it at the end of the shift.”
2. B“I will come and check the pump and the IV site now.”
3. C“Turn the pump off and on again until it stops.”
4. D“Increase the rate a little so the alarm clears.”

A patient has a new spinal cord injury at C4. Which assessment is the priority?

1. ABowel sounds in all four abdominal quadrants
2. BSkin over the sacrum and heels
3. CAbility to feed themselves
4. DBreathing effort and ability to cough

A patient with renal colic is asked to pass urine through a strainer. Why?

1. ATo measure the urine's pH and specific gravity
2. BTo remove bacteria from the urine
3. CTo catch any stone so that it can be analysed
4. DTo make passing urine less painful

A patient with poorly controlled hyperthyroidism develops a high fever, very fast heart rate, agitation and vomiting during an infection. What is likely?

1. AMyxoedema coma
2. BAddisonian crisis
3. CHypoglycaemia
4. DThyroid storm

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ABecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
2. BSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
3. CSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
4. DBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count

Paras litium 1.0 mEq/L diambil 2 jam selepas dos pagi pesakit, dan pemreskripsi merancang untuk menaikkan dos. Apakah yang patut ditunjukkan oleh jururawat?

1. ASampel diambil terlalu awal selepas dos, maka ia bukan paras yang sah
2. BParas litium boleh diambil pada bila-bila masa sepanjang hari tanpa menjejaskan keputusan
3. CParas terlalu rendah, maka peningkatan besar jelas selamat
4. DParas itu toksik, maka litium patut dihentikan selama-lamanya

After a vaccination, why is a person asked to wait for a short time before leaving?

1. ATo make sure the injection site does not bruise
2. BTo watch for anaphylaxis, which usually starts within minutes
3. CTo check that the vaccine has already created protective antibodies
4. DTo measure the person's temperature for fever

A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANormal tiredness after a long labour
2. BWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
3. CExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
4. DAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling

Seorang pesakit sakit dada meminta gliseril trinitrat. Maklumat manakah bermakna jururawat patut menahannya dan menghubungi pempreskripsi?

1. APesakit mengambil sildenafil awal hari ini
2. BPesakit mengambil statin setiap hari
3. CPesakit mengalami sakit kepala minggu lepas
4. DTekanan darah pesakit ialah 150/90 mmHg

Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?

1. APneumothorax
2. BPulmonary embolism from the leg
3. CInfection at the puncture site
4. DRe-accumulation of the effusion

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. AKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
2. BDrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
3. CSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
4. DAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors

Six weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, tenderness over the graft, less urine and a rising creatinine. What is most likely?

1. AA side effect of sun exposure
2. BDehydration that needs only more oral fluids and rest
3. CAcute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review
4. DA normal finding as the kidney settles in

During the first infusion of a monoclonal antibody such as rituximab, which problem is most important to watch for?

1. AAn infusion reaction, such as fever, rigors or breathlessness
2. BSevere constipation within the first hour of starting the infusion
3. CSudden hair loss during the infusion
4. DA rise in platelet count above normal

A patient on chemotherapy has white plaques on the tongue and cheeks that wipe off to leave red areas. What is most likely?

1. AFood residue only
2. BNormal mucositis healing
3. COral candidiasis
4. DLeukoplakia from smoking

A woman is about to get out of bed for the first time after birth. What should the nurse do?

1. ALet her walk alone so she feels independent
2. BWait until day 3 before letting her stand
3. CHelp her sit, then stand slowly with support
4. DAsk her to stand quickly to reduce dizziness

A woman at 40 weeks calls the unit. Her contractions are every 10 to 20 minutes and irregular, her membranes are intact and the baby is moving well. What is the best advice?

1. ATake a laxative to stimulate labour
2. BLie flat on her back and count the contractions for 4 hours
3. CRest at home and come in if contractions become regular
4. DCome in immediately by ambulance

A 12-year-old with type 1 diabetes will play a long football match. What should the nurse advise?

1. ACheck glucose before playing and keep fast-acting carbohydrate at hand
2. BInject an extra dose of insulin into the thigh just before he starts running
3. CAvoid sport, because exercise is unsafe with diabetes
4. DSkip the meal before the match to avoid high glucose

Seorang kanak-kanak berumur 3 tahun yang sedar tercekik makanan dan tidak dapat batuk, menangis atau bercakap. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. ATunggu untuk melihat sama ada kanak-kanak itu akan terbatuk keluar
2. BBeri kanak-kanak itu air untuk ditelan
3. CBeri tepukan belakang kemudian tujahan abdomen, dan minta bantuan
4. DLakukan sapuan jari secara buta dalam mulut untuk mengait keluar kepingan makanan

A patient on a mental health ward insists that he is a famous inventor whose ideas were stolen by the government. Which type of delusion is the main one here?

1. AErotomanic
2. BNihilistic
3. CGrandiose
4. DSomatic

A nurse notices that a colleague smells of alcohol, has slurred speech and is about to give medicines. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait until the end of the shift, then talk privately with the colleague
2. BGive the colleague some strong coffee and let her continue with the medicine round if she says she feels fine
3. CSay nothing, because it is not her responsibility
4. DReport the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 8:35 PM. Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 119:35
2. 221:35
3. 320:35
4. 408:35

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 3 fl oz daripada jus, 1½ tsp daripada sirap batuk, ½ tbsp daripada suplemen cecair, 1 cawan daripada teh. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit berberat 70 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 2 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang pesakit seberat 191.4 lb. Preskripsi ialah 0.5 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 10 mg dalam 1 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 4 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

1000 mg ubat dicairkan dalam 500 mL dan diberikan secara graviti melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Arahannya ialah 80 mg sejam. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 09:30 dengan 150 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 80 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sedikit terhad; kelembapan: jarang lembap; aktiviti: terhad pada kerusi; mobiliti: sedikit terhad; pemakanan: mungkin tidak mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: potensi masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 20/min, SpO₂ 97% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 110/66 mmHg, nadi 40/min, sedar, suhu 37.3 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi