Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Using Maslow's hierarchy, which patient need should the nurse address first?

1. AA patient who is short of breath after walking to the toilet
2. BA patient who wants advice on returning to work
3. CA patient who feels lonely because no visitors have come
4. DA patient who is worried about how the wound will look

Penemuan manakah yang mencadangkan pesakit mungkin sedang mendapat ulser tekanan kategori 1?

1. AKulit utuh dengan kemerahan tidak memucat di atas kawasan bertulang
2. BTulang atau tendon yang terdedah
3. CKehilangan kulit ketebalan penuh dengan lemak kelihatan tetapi tanpa tulang terdedah
4. DLepuh terbuka dengan dasar merah

Where is a gait belt placed when helping a patient to walk?

1. AAround both thighs, just above the knees
2. BAround the hips, directly on bare skin
3. CAround the chest, under the arms
4. DAround the patient’s waist, over clothing

A nurse has a needlestick from a patient whose HIV and hepatitis status is unknown. What should happen?

1. AThe source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
2. BThe nurse is assumed to be infected and stops all work
3. CThe nurse waits six months before having any blood tests at all
4. DNothing, because the source patient is probably not infected

Which postoperative patient should the nurse see first?

1. ADressing soaked with bright red blood and a heart rate rising to 118/min
2. BWants help with washing her hair before her visitors arrive this afternoon
3. CPain of 4/10 one hour after an oral analgesic
4. DAsking when the urinary catheter will be removed

A patient is going home on a new oral anticoagulant. There is only a short time for teaching. Which topic is most important?

1. ASigns of bleeding and when to seek help
2. BHow to choose comfortable walking shoes
3. CWhich television programs help with relaxation
4. DHow to cook low-fat meals

Why can a very low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt makes the kidneys retain potassium
2. BIt lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
3. CIt increases the number of red cells
4. DIt raises the blood pressure in the capillaries and pushes fluid out

Pesakit manakah yang patut dinilai dahulu oleh jururawat wad pada permulaan syif?

1. APesakit yang meminta julap
2. BPesakit dengan sakit belakang kronik berskor 4/10
3. CPesakit yang menunggu pelepasan dengan pemerhatian stabil
4. DPesakit dengan kekeliruan baharu dan kadar pernafasan 28/min

A patient's eGFR has fallen to 24 mL/min/1.73 m². Which prescribed drug should the nurse question before giving it?

1. AMetformin
2. BInsulin glargine
3. CAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
4. DLevothyroxine

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AStrict fluid restriction
2. BOral glucose-lowering tablets
3. CAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
4. DLarge-volume IV fluid replacement

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. AHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
2. BBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
3. CNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before
4. DTen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium

A patient taking long-term hydroxychloroquine for lupus is advised to have regular eye examinations. Why?

1. AThe drug raises pressure inside the eye
2. BThe drug causes cataracts within a few weeks of starting
3. CThe drug stains the cornea blue
4. DThe drug can cause retinal toxicity that may be permanent

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. AAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards
2. BIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister
3. CSlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
4. DNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. AArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
2. BEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
3. CGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
4. DCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery

Seorang pesakit strok memahami apa yang dikatakan tetapi sukar mencari perkataan dan bercakap dalam frasa pendek yang penuh usaha. Apakah jenis afasia ini?

1. AAfasia global tanpa kefahaman
2. BAfasia ekspresif (Broca)
3. CAfasia reseptif (Wernicke)
4. DDisartria akibat otot muka yang lemah

Seorang pesakit hemodialisis bertanya mengapa cecair di antara sesi mesti dihadkan. Penjelasan manakah yang betul?

1. ACecair tambahan melemahkan dinding fistula dan menjadikannya lebih mudah pecah
2. BSekatan cecair terutamanya untuk memendekkan masa di mesin
3. CCecair berlebihan terkumpul, menaikkan TD dan menyebabkan sesak nafas serta kekejangan semasa dialisis
4. DMinum air menyebabkan dialisis menyingkirkan terlalu banyak kalium daripada darah

Seorang pesakit sirosis mengambil laktulosa untuk ensefalopati hepatik. Apakah matlamat biasa?

1. ADua hingga tiga najis lembut sehari
2. BSatu najis keras setiap minggu
3. CSepuluh atau lebih najis berair sehari
4. DTiada pergerakan usus selama beberapa hari

Pada hari ke-2 pankreatitis akut yang teruk, seorang pesakit menjadi sesak nafas, dengan SpO₂ 88% dan infiltrat dua belah pada X-ray dada. Komplikasi manakah yang paling mungkin?

1. ASerangan asma teruk akut
2. BPneumotoraks tegang spontan
3. CAspirasi objek asing
4. DSindrom gangguan pernafasan akut (ARDS)

Kebolehubahan asas manakah yang dianggap sederhana (normal)?

1. AAmplitud 6 hingga 25 bpm
2. BAmplitud 0 hingga 2 bpm
3. CAmplitud 3 hingga 5 bpm
4. DAmplitud lebih daripada 25 bpm

At a booking visit, a woman says she drinks heavily most weekends. Which nursing response is most appropriate?

1. AExplain the risks and refer her for support to stop
2. BTell her the damage is done, so stopping will not help
3. CAdvise her to change to beer, which has less alcohol
4. DReassure her that weekend drinking is safe if she avoids weekdays

How should anti-sickness medicine be given to a child receiving chemotherapy that often causes vomiting?

1. AOnly at night, when the child is asleep
2. BOnly if the child asks for it
3. CBefore the chemotherapy starts and then regularly
4. DOnly after the child has already vomited at least twice

The parents of a 5-year-old refuse a life-saving blood transfusion for religious reasons. What generally happens?

1. AThe nurse gives the transfusion secretly while the parents are out of the room, to save time
2. BThe team waits until the child is old enough to make the decision for himself
3. CRespect beliefs where possible, explore alternatives and seek legal authority if needed
4. DThe team must withhold it, because parents always have the final say in every case

A patient who has taken lithium for 3 years reports tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold and constipation. Which problem should be checked?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BSerotonin syndrome
3. CAgranulocytosis
4. DHyperthyroidism

Which intervention is most appropriate for an older patient with delirium?

1. AKeep the lights on and the television loud all night to keep her alert and stop her from sleeping too much
2. BMove the patient to a different room each day
3. CProvide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
4. DUse physical restraints at night to prevent falls

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu penukaran berat memberikan 93.9954 kg. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah berat dibundarkan kepada persepuluh kilogram yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 1 tsp ampaian oral setiap 8 jam selama 14 hari. Dengan menggunakan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa mL V yang diperlukan untuk seluruh kursus rawatan?

Satu picagari praisi epinefrina (adrenalin) dilabel 1:10 000 (0.1 mg/mL). Preskripsi ialah 1 mg IV semasa henti jantung. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Anda perlu menyediakan 200 mL larutan 1% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 10% (w/v). Berapa banyak air W yang mesti ditambah pada stok?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 4 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Sebuah beg mengandungi 4 g ubat dalam 500 mL. Arahannya ialah 3 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih). Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 10:45 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 120 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 18:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: ya; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tiada, rehat di katil atau dibantu jururawat; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 78 kg dan setinggi 150 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III