Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient is getting up for the first time after several days in bed. What should the nurse do first?

1. AHelp the patient stand up quickly, so that the dizziness has less time to start
2. BAsk the patient to walk to the bathroom alone
3. CHave the patient sit on the edge of the bed for a short time before standing
4. DGive the patient a large drink of water while standing

Which of these patients should the nurse attend to first?

1. AA patient with a pain score of 4/10 who had analgesia 30 minutes ago
2. BA patient asking for their regular evening medicines
3. CA patient who wants to talk about the results of a scan
4. DA patient with diabetes who is sweaty and shaky with a glucose of 2.9 mmol/L (52 mg/dL)

A nurse wants to set up a sterile field in the morning for a procedure that will take place after lunch. What is correct?

1. ASet it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
2. BSet it up in the morning and cover it with a clean towel until the procedure starts
3. CSet it up in the morning and leave it uncovered in an empty room
4. DSet it up in the morning and ask a colleague to check it once

Pada pagi pembedahan, pesakit berkata pembedahan itu pada lutut kiri, tetapi borang persetujuan menyatakan lutut kanan. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMenandakan kedua-dua lutut supaya mana-mana satu boleh dibedah
2. BMengikut pesakit, kerana pesakit paling mengenali badan sendiri
3. CBerhenti dan memberitahu pakar bedah, supaya tapak disahkan dahulu
4. DMengikut borang persetujuan, kerana ia telah ditandatangani

A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetes. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
2. B“I will dry well between my toes after washing.”
3. C“I will wear shoes that fit well, even at home.”
4. D“I will check the soles of my feet every day with a mirror.”

A patient has peripheral arterial disease with a non-healing ulcer on the toe. Which advice about leg position is correct?

1. ASit with the legs crossed to improve blood flow
2. BKeep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
3. CKeep the legs raised above the heart as much as possible
4. DWrap the legs tightly with compression bandages

A patient has lost more than 10% of their body weight without trying over the last few months and has a low BMI. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AWeigh the patient again in six months and review at that point
2. BRestrict fluids to encourage appetite and give a low-protein diet instead
3. CEncourage a low-calorie diet
4. DRefer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts

A patient with small cell lung cancer has hyponatraemia, concentrated urine and no signs of dehydration. Which condition and first measure fit best?

1. ASIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
2. BDehydration, managed with an IV fluid bolus
3. CDiabetes insipidus, managed with extra fluids
4. DCushing's syndrome, managed with potassium

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
2. BThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
3. CThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
4. DTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium

A patient has a hematocrit of 60% and a raised red cell mass. Which result suggests polycythemia vera rather than secondary polycythemia from chronic hypoxia?

1. AA high carboxyhemoglobin
2. BA low oxygen saturation
3. CA high erythropoietin level
4. DA low erythropoietin level

How should a patient take oral alendronate?

1. ACrushed into yoghurt with calcium supplements
2. BWith plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
3. CWith milk at bedtime, then lying down straight away to aid absorption
4. DWith breakfast and coffee to protect the stomach

A patient on methadone is also prescribed diazepam for anxiety. What is the main safety concern?

1. AAdditive sedation and respiratory depression
2. BMethadone causes diazepam to be excreted very quickly
3. CDiazepam blocks the effect of methadone completely
4. DSevere hypertension from the combination

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
2. BAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
3. CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
4. DA clear runny nose

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil apiksaban untuk fibrilasi atrium ditempah untuk pembedahan elektif. Pernyataan manakah yang mencerminkan amalan yang betul?

1. AIa dihentikan dan kemudian diterbalikkan dengan vitamin K oral
2. BMenghentikannya sementara untuk tempoh yang ditetapkan, berdasarkan risiko pendarahan dan fungsi buah pinggang
3. CHentikan dua minggu sebelum pembedahan dan gantikan dengan warfarin
4. DIa sentiasa diteruskan sehingga pagi pembedahan

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ALow blood glucose
2. BAcute pancreatitis
3. CA simple urinary tract infection
4. DNormal nausea from the drug

A patient with motor neurone disease reports morning headaches, poor sleep and sleepiness during the day. What do these symptoms suggest?

1. AWeak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support
2. BLow mood, which should be treated with an antidepressant first
3. CNormal tiredness that needs no specific action
4. DA side effect of riluzole, which should be stopped straight away by the nurse

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
2. BMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
3. CRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
4. DUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal discomfort after the procedure
2. BOesophageal perforation
3. CSimple reflux after the dilatation
4. DAn allergic reaction to the sedative

A woman with pre-eclampsia is on magnesium sulfate. Why does the nurse monitor her urine output closely?

1. AMagnesium causes a large diuresis that leads to dehydration
2. BLow urine output shows that the magnesium is working
3. CMagnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
4. DUrine output tells the nurse exactly when to stop the infusion after the birth

Seorang wanita yang sedang bersalin telah terbuka 8 cm. Kadar denyutan jantung janin menunjukkan deselerasi yang bermula dan berakhir dengan setiap pengecutan dan mencerminkan bentuknya, dengan kebolehubahan sederhana. Apakah yang sesuai?

1. ATeruskan pemantauan; corak ini jinak
2. BHentikan semua cecair
3. CBersedia untuk kelahiran caesarean kecemasan
4. DMatikan monitor untuk mengurangkan kebimbangan

What is "assent" in children's care?

1. AA form that lets the hospital treat any child without parental consent
2. BThe child's agreement to care, sought alongside the parents' consent
3. CThe legal consent signed by the parent for surgery
4. DThe doctor's decision about which treatment is best

A baby born at 28 weeks is now 6 months old. He is not yet sitting without support. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AMilestones are always judged by chronological age, so he is 3 months behind
2. BPreterm babies never reach normal milestones, so no follow-up is needed
3. CMilestones are judged by corrected age, here about 3 months, so this is expected
4. DHe is clearly delayed and needs urgent neurological referral

Seorang pesakit menggunakan perkataan "glimpotrance" dan menerangkan bahawa ia bermaksud daya yang mengawal fikirannya. Apakah ini?

1. AAsosiasi bunyi (clang association)
2. BSirkumstansialiti
3. CNeologisme
4. DEkolalia

A patient taking naltrexone for alcohol dependence is brought to the emergency department with a broken leg. Why should the nurse tell the team about the naltrexone?

1. AIt is not relevant, because naltrexone only affects the way the body responds to alcohol
2. BNaltrexone causes broken bones to heal more slowly
3. CNaltrexone makes opioids much stronger, so smaller doses must be used
4. DNaltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 10 lb 1 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi penyelenggaraan berjalan pada 120 mL/h tanpa henti. Berapa liter V yang diberikannya dalam 24 jam?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 18 kg dipreskripsikan 5 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Preskripsi ialah 340 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 1000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 75 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

500 mg ubat dicairkan dalam 500 mL dan diberikan secara graviti melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Arahannya ialah 60 mg sejam. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 16:30 dengan 150 mL/j. Selepas 4 jam kadar ditukar kepada 125 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sedikit terhad; kelembapan: sentiasa lembap; aktiviti: kerap berjalan; mobiliti: tiada had; pemakanan: mungkin tidak mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: potensi masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 63 kg dan setinggi 155 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III