Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A bedbound patient who has not opened their bowels for a week now has liquid stool leaking constantly. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA side effect of drinking too much water
2. BNormal bowel function returning
3. CAn infection that needs antidiarrhoeal drugs at once
4. DFaecal impaction with overflow

Which statement about the use of physical restraint is correct?

1. AIt never needs to be documented if it is used only overnight
2. BIt is the best way to stop older patients from falling
3. CIt can be used whenever a patient is confused, without further assessment
4. DIt is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks

A patient needs to be moved up in bed and cannot help much. Which approach is safest?

1. AHave one nurse pull the patient up by the arms
2. BUse a friction-reducing sheet with enough staff, with the bed flat if tolerated
3. CAsk the patient to push up with their heels alone
4. DRaise the head of the bed fully and lift the patient up by the shoulders

Who should mark the operative site before surgery?

1. AThe person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
2. BThe patient, alone, using a marker pen at home on the night before surgery
3. CAny member of the operating room team after anesthesia starts
4. DThe admitting clerk, using the information written on the consent form

A nasogastric tube has just been placed for feeding. What must happen before the first feed is given?

1. AThe patient is asked if the tube feels comfortable
2. BPlacement is confirmed by an approved method
3. CThe tube is flushed with a large volume of water
4. DThe feed is started slowly to see if the patient coughs

Pesakit manakah di unit renal yang patut dilihat dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. APesakit yang meminta nasihat tentang diet rendah fosfat
2. BPesakit hemodialisis yang terlepas sesi semalam dan kini mengalami kelemahan otot dan nadi tidak teratur
3. CPesakit dialisis peritoneal yang cecair saliran keluarnya jernih
4. DPesakit yang fistula arteriovenanya mempunyai getaran (thrill) dan bruit yang kuat

Pemindahan darah hampir bermula. Apakah semakan keselamatan yang paling penting?

1. AMenyemak keutamaan pemakanan pesakit
2. BPengenalpastian positif pesakit yang dipadankan dengan komponen darah di sisi katil
3. CMenghangatkan semua darah dalam ketuhar gelombang mikro
4. DMenyemak berat pesakit sahaja

A patient who speaks little English needs to give consent for a procedure. Their 14-year-old child offers to interpret. What is the best action?

1. AArrange a professional interpreter
2. BUse gestures and proceed
3. CAsk the patient to sign the form without explanation
4. DLet the child interpret to save time

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
2. BIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
3. CIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
4. DIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low

A patient's AST is about twice the ALT, both moderately raised, and the GGT is high. Which cause is most likely?

1. AAcute myocardial infarction
2. BAcute viral hepatitis A
3. CGallstone blocking the bile duct
4. DAlcohol-related liver disease

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. AStop it as soon as the burning settles
2. BTake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
3. CTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
4. DExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well

A patient on lisinopril for hypertension starts taking ibuprofen every day for knee pain. What is the main concern?

1. AA higher risk of a dry cough than with lisinopril alone
2. BA large fall in blood pressure, with fainting and falls on standing up
3. CFaster liver metabolism of lisinopril, so it stops working
4. DWeaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA single sample after the first week of treatment
2. BOne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day
3. CSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum
4. DA swab from the nose only

A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
2. BBack pain causing kidney damage
3. CAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
4. DAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion

When the nurse squeezes the trapezius muscle, the patient brings a hand up above the collarbone towards the stimulus. Which GCS motor score is this?

1. A5, localises to pain
2. B6, obeys commands
3. C3, abnormal flexion
4. D4, withdraws from pain

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. ADo a bladder scan to check for retention
2. BTell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
3. CWait until the next morning before checking
4. DPut the catheter back without assessing

A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?

1. AStop it about 5 days before and check the INR
2. BTake the usual dose on the morning of surgery
3. CSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
4. DDouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AAssume there is no pain because none is reported
2. BUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
3. CGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
4. DWait until a relative can confirm the pain

Lokia yang berbau busuk pada hari ke-3 selepas kelahiran paling mungkin menunjukkan:

1. AJangkitan uterus (endometritis)
2. BLokia normal
3. CPundi kencing yang penuh menekan uterus
4. DDehidrasi

At 4 hours, a newborn's temperature is 37.9 °C (100.2 °F). He is wrapped in three blankets under a heater. What should the nurse do first?

1. APlace him in a cold bath
2. BGive an antipyretic medicine immediately
3. CStart antibiotics without further assessment
4. DRemove extra layers and recheck

What is the main purpose of medical play with a doll and real equipment before surgery?

1. ATo test the child's intelligence
2. BTo let the child express fears and gain a sense of control
3. CTo teach the child how the surgeons will do the operation
4. DTo keep the child busy so the nurse can do other work

Kanak-kanak manakah yang patut dinilai dahulu oleh jururawat pada permulaan syif?

1. AKanak-kanak berumur 4 tahun dengan gastroenteritis yang sedang minum larutan penghidratan oral
2. BKanak-kanak berumur 10 tahun dengan simen kaki yang berkata ia gatal
3. CKanak-kanak berumur 6 tahun selepas apendektomi dengan kesakitan dinilai 4 daripada 10
4. DKanak-kanak berumur 2 tahun dengan bronkiolitis: kadar pernafasan 68/min dan tarikan dinding dada yang ketara

A man taking risperidone reports breast enlargement and his partner says he has lost interest in sex. Which effect is the most likely cause?

1. ARaised prolactin
2. BLow thyroid hormone
3. CLow blood sodium
4. DRaised blood calcium

While caring for a highly anxious patient, a nurse notices her own heart racing and her speech getting faster. What is most important?

1. ALeave the patient immediately and not return
2. BIgnore her own reaction, because the nurse's feelings do not matter in patient care
3. CMatch the patient's level of anxiety to show empathy
4. DRecognise that anxiety spreads between people, and calm herself first

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 4 lb 8 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 20:45 dan tamat pada 04:35 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 16 kg dipreskripsikan 5 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Satu infusi mengandungi 20000 unit ubat dalam 250 mL. Preskripsi ialah 800 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 150 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 50 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Terdapat 900 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 56 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 150 mL/j. Pada 08:00, 200 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 102 kg dan setinggi 155 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III