Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A catheterised patient has had no urine in the bag for two hours. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient has eaten or drunk anything recently
2. BNothing, as two hours without urine is normal
3. CThe tubing for kinks or blockage and where the bag is
4. DThe patient's blood glucose level and recent insulin doses

A patient with delirium tries to leave the ward at night, saying they are going home, and would be at serious risk outside. What is correct (England and Wales)?

1. AGive a sedative without asking anyone
2. BLock them in a side room until the morning for their own safety
3. CLet them leave, as all adults are free to go wherever they like
4. DAssess capacity and, if it is lacking, act in their best interests

A nurse has been fit-tested for an N95 respirator. What should the nurse do each time it is put on?

1. AMoisten the edges so it seals better
2. BWear a surgical mask underneath it
3. CPerform a user seal check
4. DArrange a new fit test

Which patient with a suspected infection meets the qSOFA criteria that signal a higher risk of a poor outcome?

1. ARespiratory rate 20/min, alert, systolic BP 110 mmHg, heart rate 110/min
2. BRespiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
3. CRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm³
4. DRespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38.5 °C

Before giving a scheduled dose of metoprolol, which assessment is most important?

1. ABowel sounds and urine color
2. BTemperature and the latest pain score
3. CBlood glucose and weight
4. DApical pulse and blood pressure

After a head injury, a patient passes large amounts of very dilute urine, is thirsty and has a rising serum sodium. Which condition is most likely?

1. ADiabetic ketoacidosis
2. BDiabetes insipidus
3. CAcute kidney injury with oliguria
4. DSIADH

When a patient returns to the ward from theatre, what should the nurse assess first?

1. AWhether visitors are waiting to see the patient
2. BThe discharge date
3. CAirway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness
4. DThe patient's dietary preferences for the next meal

A patient with type 1 diabetes is nil by mouth before surgery. Why must their insulin not simply be stopped?

1. AWithout any insulin they can develop diabetic ketoacidosis
2. BStopping insulin causes immediate hypoglycaemia during the operation
3. CInsulin is needed for the anaesthetic to work
4. DInsulin prevents wound infection on its own

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. ACollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
2. BSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
3. CSave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
4. DHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil digoksin mempunyai paras 1.2 ng/mL, kalium 2.8 mEq/L dan denyutan ektopik ventrikel kerap yang baharu. Apakah tafsiran yang terbaik?

1. APesakit memerlukan dos digoksin yang lebih tinggi untuk mengawal irama
2. BKetoksikan mungkin berlaku, kerana kalium rendah meningkatkan kesan digoksin
3. CKalium tidak mempunyai kesan pada irama jantung
4. DDigoksin tidak mungkin puncanya, kerana paras berada dalam julat lazim

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
2. BIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
3. CIt causes immediate kidney failure
4. DIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery

Penyingkiran tertib sifar, seperti yang dilihat dengan alkohol pada pengambilan normal, bermakna bahawa:

1. AJumlah malar disingkirkan per unit masa
2. BSeparuh hayat kekal malar walau apa pun parasnya
3. CPenyingkiran berhenti pada kepekatan tinggi
4. DPecahan malar disingkirkan per unit masa

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
2. BAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
3. CWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
4. DIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night

A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?

1. AHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is
2. BEncouraging long walks to build fitness
3. CA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
4. DStopping all medicines, including inhalers

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain
2. BThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage
3. CHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down
4. DThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage

A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?

1. AThe potassium, because it may rise
2. BThe INR, because it may rise
3. CThe urine output, because it may stop
4. DThe blood glucose, because it may fall

Which monitoring is especially important for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition?

1. APeak flow and visual acuity
2. BBlood glucose and signs of line infection
3. CBowel sounds and stool colour only
4. DPupil size and limb strength

Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ATeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
2. BDeciding whether abnormal results need reporting
3. CAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery
4. DRecording baseline vital signs

Which newborn finding is commonly associated with Down syndrome?

1. ALong nails and peeling skin
2. BAbundant vernix and lanugo
3. CA single palmar crease and low tone
4. DA high-pitched cry and tremors

A preterm baby is being prepared for discharge. Which statement by the parents shows understanding of kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care?

1. A"She should be fully dressed and wrapped before I hold her."
2. B"Skin-to-skin increases her risk of getting cold."
3. C"Skin-to-skin is only for full-term babies."
4. D"Holding her on my bare chest keeps her warm."

Which signs suggest meningitis in a young infant?

1. AA sunken fontanelle with heavy wet nappies
2. BA clear runny nose, a mild cough and normal feeding
3. CNeck stiffness and a positive Kernig's sign, as in older children and adults
4. DA bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability

Which complication is a leading cause of death from measles in children?

1. AConjunctivitis
2. BOtitis media
3. CDiarrhoea
4. DPneumonia

A patient who is detained under mental health legislation does not return from escorted leave. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart the missing patient procedure at once, informing the team and, if required, the police
2. BWait until the next day, because he will probably return on his own
3. CRemove his name from the ward list and give his bed to a new patient who is waiting for admission
4. DDo nothing, because patients are allowed to leave whenever they want

A patient with dementia with Lewy bodies is having vivid visual hallucinations. A new nurse suggests asking for haloperidol. What is the main concern?

1. AHaloperidol does not work in older patients at all
2. BThese patients can have severe, sometimes life-threatening, sensitivity reactions to antipsychotics
3. CThere is no concern, because haloperidol is the treatment of choice for hallucinations in all types of dementia
4. DHaloperidol will make his hallucinations more frequent

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 103 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 20:35 dan tamat pada 05:00 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit seberat 96 kg mempunyai luas permukaan badan 1.91 m². Preskripsi ialah 75 mg/m². Cari dos D dalam mg.

Preskripsi ialah 0.48 mg. Ampul mengandungi 4000 mikrogram setiap mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 6 jam dengan set pemberian 15 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 25 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Terdapat 200 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 125 mL/j. Pada 18:30, 750 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 23/min, SpO₂ 86% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 106/64 mmHg, nadi 88/min, sedar, suhu 38.4 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi