Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Mengapakah banyak pembalut luka moden direka untuk mengekalkan luka lembap?

1. AKelembapan membunuh semua bakteria dalam luka
2. BPersekitaran lembap menyokong penyembuhan yang lebih pantas
3. CLuka kering tidak pernah dijangkiti
4. DPembalut lembap tidak pernah perlu ditukar

A patient taking furosemide has a serum potassium of 3.0 mmol/L (3.0 mEq/L). Why is this important?

1. ALoop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
2. BFurosemide raises potassium, so this level is falsely low and can be ignored
3. CLow potassium only causes mild thirst
4. DThe level is normal and needs no action

A patient is on a ventilator. Which bed position helps to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia?

1. ALying completely flat
2. BTrendelenburg position
3. CHead of the bed raised 30 to 45 degrees
4. DHead of the bed raised about 10 degrees

A patient with dementia is often found at the exit doors trying to leave the unit. Which measure is most appropriate?

1. ALock the patient alone in a single room so that they cannot reach the exit doors
2. BKeep the patient in a chair with a vest restraint
3. CUse an electronic wander alert, supervise closely and offer meaningful activity
4. DGive a sedative each time the patient goes to the door

Monitor jantung menunjukkan garis rata (asistol) bagi seorang pesakit, tetapi pesakit itu duduk dan bercakap. Apakah yang dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMemulakan penekanan dada serta-merta
2. BMenyediakan defibrilator untuk memberi kejutan
3. CMemeriksa pesakit dan wayar elektrod
4. DMemanggil pasukan henti jantung

Several patients on a unit develop diarrhea within two days. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive all patients antidiarrheal drugs without assessment
2. BMove the affected patients into shared rooms with other patients to free up beds
3. CPlace affected patients on contact precautions and inform infection control
4. DWait to see if more patients become unwell

An older adult has left lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP. Which condition is most likely?

1. ABiliary colic
2. BAppendicitis
3. CDiverticulitis
4. DGastric ulcer

A severely hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. Why is resuscitation usually continued until they are rewarmed?

1. AThe cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
2. BHypothermia always causes brain death quickly
3. CCold patients cannot be defibrillated at all, so CPR is the only possible treatment
4. DAdrenaline works better in cold patients

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
2. BA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
3. CThe test is useless and should always be ignored
4. DA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present

Corak keputusan manakah yang sesuai dengan SIADH?

1. ANatrium serum rendah, osmolaliti serum tinggi dan air kencing cair
2. BNatrium serum rendah, osmolaliti serum rendah dan air kencing pekat
3. CNatrium serum tinggi, osmolaliti serum tinggi dan air kencing sangat cair
4. DNatrium normal dengan air kencing sangat cair

After a vaccination, why is a person asked to wait for a short time before leaving?

1. ATo make sure the injection site does not bruise
2. BTo measure the person's temperature for fever
3. CTo watch for anaphylaxis, which usually starts within minutes
4. DTo check that the vaccine has already created protective antibodies

A patient receiving frequent salbutamol (albuterol) nebulisers develops a fine tremor and a heart rate of 120 per minute. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is allergic to salbutamol and needs adrenaline
2. BAt high doses it also stimulates beta receptors in skeletal muscle and the heart
3. CSalbutamol blocks muscarinic receptors in the heart
4. DSalbutamol causes high potassium, which speeds the heart and causes muscle twitching

Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AAn exercise ECG
2. BA lung function test
3. CCompression duplex ultrasound
4. DA plain chest X-ray and an ECG

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
2. BEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort
3. CLeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour
4. DGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThis proves a serious kidney infection
2. BThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
3. CThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
4. DThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel

A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?

1. AA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
2. BAn NSAID such as diclofenac
3. CAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine
4. DOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. ASteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
2. BSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
3. CThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
4. DSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery

A surgical patient's MUST score is 3 and the wound is healing slowly. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AEncourage fasting to reduce wound exudate and the size of the dressing
2. BRestrict protein to help the kidneys
3. CRepeat the score in three months' time
4. DRefer to the dietitian, start a nutrition plan and monitor intake

A woman received an opioid shortly before giving birth, and the baby is born with poor breathing effort. Which statement about the baby's care is correct?

1. ANo support is needed because the effect lasts only seconds
2. BFlumazenil is given to reverse the opioid
3. CNaloxone is given before any ventilation is started
4. DEffective ventilation comes first; naloxone is not routine

Pasangan seorang wanita yang menerima magnesium sulfat bertanya untuk apa ubat itu. Jawapan manakah yang tepat?

1. AIa ialah ubat utama yang menurunkan tekanan darahnya
2. BIa mempercepat bersalin
3. CIa menghalang bayi daripada membesar terlalu besar
4. DIa membantu mencegah sawan yang disebabkan oleh pra-eklampsia

A newborn has a cephalohaematoma. What should the nurse monitor closely over the next days?

1. AUrine colour, because the swelling causes kidney damage
2. BHead circumference twice daily, because it signals hydrocephalus
3. CBlood pressure, because the swelling causes hypertension
4. DJaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin

A 10-year-old with cystic fibrosis is going to play football on a hot day. What should the nurse teach?

1. ARestrict fluids to prevent extra mucus
2. BSkip the pancreatic enzymes on sports days to avoid stomach cramps
3. CDrink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
4. DAvoid all exercise, because it damages the lungs

A veteran with PTSD sits with his back to the wall, scans the room constantly and jumps at every door slam. Which symptom group do these behaviours belong to?

1. ADissociative amnesia for the trauma
2. BIntrusion symptoms
3. CChanges in arousal and reactivity
4. DAvoidance

A man with gambling disorder has lost his savings and has large debts. He tells the nurse, "My family would be better off without me." What should the nurse do?

1. AFocus only on helping him create a budget
2. BChange the subject to his gambling triggers and how to avoid the betting shop
3. CReassure him that his family will forgive him
4. DAsk directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 104.2 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 30 mcg/min. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mg/h.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 17 kg dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Preskripsi ialah 1000 mikrogram. Ampul mengandungi 2 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Titisan berjalan pada 25 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 3 jam?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 6 jam anda mendapati 410 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 16:30 dengan 75 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 200 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu carta latihan merekodkan GCS 4, dengan E1 dan V1. Apakah skor motor M yang direkodkan, dan respons yang manakah yang dihuraikannya? Berikan nombornya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 28/min, SpO₂ 96% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 136/82 mmHg, nadi 92/min, sedar, suhu 38.0 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi