Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient with capacity wants to leave hospital against medical advice. What should the nurse do?

1. AExplain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
2. BHide the patient's clothes so they cannot leave
3. CLet them go without telling anyone
4. DLock the ward door to keep the patient in until the doctor arrives

Why is heat usually avoided on a fresh soft-tissue injury during the first day?

1. AIt makes the muscles weaker for several weeks
2. BIt numbs the area so the patient cannot feel pain
3. CIt narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the injury
4. DIt widens blood vessels and can increase swelling and bleeding

A nurse has been fit-tested for an N95 respirator. What should the nurse do each time it is put on?

1. AWear a surgical mask underneath it
2. BArrange a new fit test
3. CMoisten the edges so it seals better
4. DPerform a user seal check

A nurse teaches an older adult about preventing falls at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I had grab bars put in next to the toilet.”
2. B“I keep small rugs in the hall so my feet stay warm.”
3. C“I wear shoes with non-slip soles around the house.”
4. D“I use night lights between my bedroom and the bathroom.”

A patient wants to leave the hospital against medical advice. What should the nurse do?

1. AHide the patient’s clothes and belongings until the provider arrives
2. BInform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
3. CLet the patient leave without telling anyone
4. DLock the door so the patient cannot leave the unit

A victim heavily contaminated with an industrial chemical arrives at the emergency department with stable vital signs. What should happen first?

1. APlacing the victim in the waiting room until a doctor is free
2. BTaking the victim straight to the X-ray department
3. CFull assessment inside the main department straight away
4. DDecontamination before the victim enters the treatment area

Why are patients with atrial fibrillation often given anticoagulants?

1. ATo slow the heart rate directly and prevent palpitations
2. BTo reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria
3. CTo convert the rhythm back to normal
4. DTo lower the blood pressure

A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck veins and breathlessness that is worse lying down. What should be suspected?

1. ASuperior vena cava obstruction
2. BAn allergic reaction to food
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DRight-sided heart failure from valve disease

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ASkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
2. BThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
3. CThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
4. DDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypovolemic shock
2. BMalignant hyperthermia
3. CAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
4. DHypoglycemia from fasting

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
2. BIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly
3. CStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol
4. DFlush the line with a large volume of saline

Before starting long-term bisphosphonate treatment, a patient is advised to have a dental check-up. Why?

1. ABisphosphonates dissolve tooth enamel within weeks
2. BBisphosphonates stain the teeth black if taken for many years
3. CThey are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery
4. DBisphosphonates cause severe gum overgrowth

Which emergency equipment should be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AOnly a spare oxygen mask, since the tube rarely causes problems
2. BA nasogastric tube and a feeding pump
3. CA urinary catheter set, a blood glucose meter and a thermometer
4. DSpare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction and oxygen

A nurse teaches a patient how to measure blood pressure at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will sit with my back supported and my arm at heart level."
2. B"I will take two readings and write them both down."
3. C"I will measure it straight after my morning jog."
4. D"I will rest quietly for five minutes before measuring."

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. AAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
2. BBlow the nose often to clear any clots
3. CLie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
4. DDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
2. BPut the catheter back without assessing
3. CDo a bladder scan to check for retention
4. DWait until the next morning before checking

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
2. BDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
3. CAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
4. DEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA kidney stone blocking the ureter
2. BA fistula between the colon and the bladder
3. CBowel preparation that was taken too quickly
4. DA simple lower urinary tract infection

Di manakah fundus biasanya terletak kira-kira 12 jam selepas kelahiran pervaginam?

1. ATegas dan teranjak jauh ke sebelah kiri
2. BDi bawah simfisis pubis dan tidak dapat dipalpasi
3. CLembut dan dua lebar jari di atas proses xifoid
4. DTegas, di garis tengah, pada kira-kira paras pusat

A newborn's heart rate is 80/min after 30 seconds of positive-pressure ventilation and the chest is not moving. What should the nurse do next?

1. AStop ventilation and give oxygen by mask only
2. BStart chest compressions immediately at a 3:1 ratio
3. CGive IV adrenaline straight away
4. DCorrect the ventilation, starting with mask and airway

Rawatan manakah yang lazim digunakan untuk kanak-kanak dengan krup sederhana?

1. ASatu dos kortikosteroid oral seperti deksametason
2. BPenekan batuk
3. CFisioterapi dada
4. DSatu kursus antibiotik oral seperti amoksisilin selama 5 hingga 7 hari

A child with Hirschsprung disease awaiting surgery develops fever, explosive diarrhoea and a very swollen abdomen. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AOveruse of laxatives at home
2. BThe disease has resolved itself
3. CEnterocolitis, an emergency
4. DOrdinary viral gastroenteritis

Apakah triad klasik ensefalopati Wernicke?

1. AKekeliruan, ataksia dan pergerakan mata yang tidak normal
2. BGegaran, kekakuan dan pergerakan perlahan
3. CSakit kepala, muntah dan penglihatan kabur sahaja
4. DDemam, ruam dan kekakuan leher

A patient with schizophrenia has marked negative symptoms. He stays in bed most of the day and neglects his hygiene. Which nursing approach is most helpful?

1. ALet him stay in bed, because negative symptoms cannot change
2. BWait until he asks to join activities before involving him
3. CAgree a simple daily routine with small, achievable activities and give positive feedback
4. DTell him firmly that he will lose his ward privileges unless he gets up and showers at once

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan dos untuk suntikan memberikan 8.8147 mL. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah isi padu 1 mL atau lebih dibundarkan kepada persepuluh mL yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 2 tsp ampaian oral empat kali sehari selama 14 hari. Ampaian itu datang dalam botol 50 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa botol penuh N yang mesti dibekalkan supaya kursus rawatan lengkap?

Satu ampul epinefrina (adrenalin) dilabel 1:1000 (1 mg/mL). Preskripsi ialah 0.3 mg IM untuk anafilaksis. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda sedut?

Seorang pesakit seberat 187 lb. Preskripsi ialah 2 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 50 mg dalam 1 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 2 jam anda mendapati 1260 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

1000 mg ubat dicairkan dalam 250 mL dan diberikan secara graviti melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Arahannya ialah 300 mg sejam. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 150 mL/j. Pada 21:30, 700 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: tiada, rehat di katil atau dibantu jururawat; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 18/min, SpO₂ 99% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 112/68 mmHg, nadi 40/min, sedar, suhu 35.2 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi