Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

When washing a patient's eyes, how should each eye be wiped?

1. AFrom the outer corner inwards, using the same part of the cloth for both
2. BFrom the inner corner outwards, using a clean part of the cloth for each eye
3. COnly the eye that looks dirty needs cleaning
4. DIn small circles over the closed eyelid of both eyes

Five days after hip surgery, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and a fast heart rate. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAnxiety about going home
2. BA chest infection developing slowly
3. CA pulmonary embolism
4. DNormal recovery after hip surgery

A patient has patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). A family member presses the button while the patient sleeps. What should the nurse explain?

1. AFamily can press it as long as they count the presses
2. BOnly the patient should press it, because this keeps the system safe
3. CPressing it while the patient sleeps prevents the pain from getting worse later
4. DThe pump will always stop any overdose

A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised number of band (immature) neutrophils, called a “shift to the left”. What does this usually suggest?

1. AA long-standing parasitic infection
2. BAn acute bacterial infection
3. CAn allergic reaction
4. DA typical viral infection

Seorang pembantu jururawat melaporkan bahawa tekanan darah pesakit ialah 168/98 mmHg (tadi 130/80) dan pesakit mengalami sakit kepala. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh RN?

1. AMendokumenkan nilai itu dan meneruskan pusingan ubat
2. BMeminta pembantu memeriksa semula tekanan darah dalam sejam
3. CMeminta pembantu memberi ubat antihipertensi apabila diperlukan sekarang
4. DMenilai pesakit, memeriksa semula tekanan darah dan mencari gejala

Which patient needs airborne precautions rather than droplet precautions?

1. AA child with pertussis (whooping cough)
2. BA teenager with mumps
3. CA child with chickenpox (varicella)
4. DAn adult with influenza

A patient taking a statin reports unexplained muscle pain and weakness. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure them that this is a sign the drug is working
2. BAdvise more vigorous exercise to work through it
3. CReport it, as statins can cause muscle damage
4. DTell them to double the dose

A patient faints during cannulation, with a slow pulse and pallor, and recovers quickly when laid flat. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling. What is most likely?

1. AA hypoglycaemic coma
2. BAnaphylaxis
3. CA stroke
4. DVasovagal syncope

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

1. ABananas
2. BCabbage
3. CWhite rice
4. DApples

A patient on clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. The ANC is 400/µL (0.4 × 10⁹/L). What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the dose with food to protect the stomach
2. BHalve the dose and give it with a throat lozenge
3. CHold the clozapine and report the result at once
4. DGive the next dose and recheck the ANC next month

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
2. BIt increases urine production in the kidney
3. CIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
4. DIt shrinks the prostate gland

Sesetengah reseptor menunjukkan aktiviti walaupun tanpa agonis. Bagaimanakah agonis songsang berbeza daripada antagonis neutral pada reseptor sedemikian?

1. AIa memusnahkan reseptor secara kekal
2. BIa mengurangkan aktiviti di bawah paras asas
3. CIa tiada kesan apabila diberi sendirian
4. DIa meningkatkan aktiviti melebihi paras asas

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. ALie flat on the back with the legs straight
2. BHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
3. CHold the breath for as long as possible
4. DAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed

Seorang pesakit fibrilasi atrium mempunyai kadar jantung 165/min, TD 78/45 mmHg, sakit dada dan kekeliruan baharu. Apakah rawatan yang patut dijangka oleh jururawat?

1. AKardioversi elektrik bersegerak segera
2. BDefibrilasi tidak bersegerak seperti untuk henti jantung
3. CAtropin IV untuk memperbaik tekanan darah
4. DBisoprolol oral dan semakan pada pagi esok

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids
2. BMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
3. CGive large amounts of IV fluid
4. DCheck the weight once a week

Seorang pesakit mengalami episod sakit kepala teruk, berpeluh, jantung berdebar-debar dan tekanan darah yang sangat tinggi. Keadaan manakah yang patut dipertimbangkan?

1. AFeokromositoma
2. BDiabetes insipidus
3. CHipotiroidisme
4. DPenyakit Addison

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AStop eating fibre completely
2. BWait until there has been no stool for a week
3. CTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
4. DStart a regular laxative at the same time

Just after extubation in recovery, a patient develops a high-pitched noise on breathing in, with falling SpO₂. What should the nurse do first?

1. AWait a few minutes to see if it passes
2. BSit the patient up and give a drink of water
3. CCall for help, give 100% oxygen and use a jaw thrust
4. DGive an opioid to calm the patient's breathing and reduce anxiety

A woman at 22 weeks describes sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen when she stands up quickly. Her vital signs and fetal heart rate are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. APlacental abruption
2. BRound ligament pain
3. CAppendicitis
4. DPreterm labour

A woman 5 hours after birth had a large blood loss and now has a heart rate of 128/min, blood pressure of 88/50 mmHg and cold hands. Which action is most important?

1. AAsk her to walk to improve circulation
2. BEncourage her to breastfeed to contract the uterus
3. CCall for urgent help and start fluid resuscitation
4. DGive her a hot drink and recheck in an hour

How should an infant with heart failure be fed?

1. AStop the feed when the baby tires and wait until the next scheduled feed
2. BSmall, frequent feeds with rest breaks, using higher-energy milk if prescribed
3. CLarge feeds every 6 hours so the baby can rest in between
4. DLying flat on the back so the baby does not need to hold the head up

A child has suspected septic shock. Which action is the most time-critical?

1. AGiving IV antibiotics as soon as possible, ideally within the first hour
2. BGiving oral antibiotics and reviewing the child again in the morning
3. CWaiting for the blood culture results before starting any antibiotic treatment
4. DStarting antibiotics after the fever has been present for 24 hours

A patient with psychosis says, "There's a man standing in the corner." The nurse sees no one there. Which response uses presenting reality?

1. A"That's just your illness talking, so there's nothing to worry about. Try to think of something else."
2. B"I don't see anyone in the corner, but I know it seems real to you."
3. C"What does the man in the corner look like?"
4. D"The man will go away if you ignore him."

Seorang pesakit yang stabil dengan litium memberitahu jururawat bahawa dia mula mengambil ibuprofen setiap hari untuk sakit belakang. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMaklumkan pemreskripsi, kerana ibuprofen boleh menaikkan litium ke paras toksik
2. BMemberitahunya tidak mengapa, kerana ibuprofen dijual tanpa preskripsi dan selamat
3. CMemberitahunya mengambil diuretik juga untuk bengkak
4. DMenasihatinya menggandakan dos litiumnya

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan kadar titisan memberikan 226.785 gtt/min. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah kadar titisan dibundarkan kepada titisan bulat yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 20:55 dan tamat pada 04:40 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 32 kg dipreskripsikan 3 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 40 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Satu infusi mengandungi 25000 unit ubat dalam 500 mL. Preskripsi ialah 1500 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Titisan berjalan pada 40 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 2 jam?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 6 jam. Selepas 4 jam anda mendapati 650 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 13:15 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 120 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 16:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala tidak membuka mata langsung, tidak mengeluarkan bunyi dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: tiada pergerakan langsung. Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi