Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

How is a pulse deficit measured?

1. ATwo nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
2. BThe pulse oximeter rate is compared with the blood pressure reading
3. COne nurse counts the radial pulse twice and compares the two counts
4. DOne nurse counts the apical pulse for 15 seconds and multiplies by four

An older patient who lives alone is ready to go home after a hip fracture but worries about washing and cooking. Which referral is most appropriate?

1. AOccupational therapy for a home assessment
2. BDietitian for a weight-loss plan
3. CPodiatry for nail care
4. DSpeech and language therapy for a swallowing assessment

Sebelum mengakses hab kateter vena pusat, apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMeniup hab perlahan-lahan untuk membuang habuk
2. BMengelapnya dengan pantas menggunakan kasa steril kering
3. CMenyental hab dengan antiseptik dan membiarkannya kering
4. DTiada apa-apa, kerana hab dilindungi di bawah penutup steril

During a power cut in a US hospital, a ventilator must stay powered. Where should it be plugged in?

1. AInto any white outlet in the room
2. BInto the outlet that is closest to the bed, whatever its color
3. CInto an extension cord from the corridor
4. DInto a red outlet connected to the emergency generator

Ubat berjadual manakah yang paling kritikal dari segi masa?

1. AInsulin bertindak pantas yang perlu diberi bersama dulang sarapan yang telah tiba
2. BTablet multivitamin harian pada 08:00
3. CTablet statin penurun kolesterol harian bersama sarapan pada 08:00
4. DPelembut najis harian bersama sarapan

After cardiac surgery, a patient becomes hypotensive with distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds, and chest drain output has suddenly stopped. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ALeft-sided heart failure
2. BA blocked urinary catheter
3. CCardiac tamponade
4. DHypovolemic shock from dehydration

Pesakit yang menerima warfarin mempunyai INR jauh di atas julat sasaran dan lebam. Ubat manakah yang mungkin dipreskripsikan untuk membalikkan kesannya?

1. AVitamin K
2. BAspirin
3. CProtamin sulfat
4. DNalokson

Pesakit yang menggunakan steroid jangka panjang sakit akut selepas muntah dan terlepas dos, dengan hipotensi dan kekeliruan. Kecemasan manakah yang patut dipertimbangkan?

1. ARibut tiroid
2. BKrisis adrenal
3. CHiperkalsemia
4. DDiabetes insipidus

A stable adult who is not bleeding receives one unit of packed red cells. By about how much is the hemoglobin expected to rise?

1. AAbout 5 g/dL (50 g/L)
2. BAbout 3 g/dL (30 g/L)
3. CAbout 1 g/dL (10 g/L)
4. DAbout 0.1 g/dL (1 g/L)

A patient started methimazole for hyperthyroidism 6 weeks ago and now has a fever and a severe sore throat. Which action is most important?

1. ACheck the TSH and double the dose if it is still low
2. BHold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
3. CAdvise the patient to continue the drug and drink more fluid
4. DGive the next dose and suggest warm salt-water gargles for comfort

Which teaching about antiepileptic drugs is most important?

1. ATake a double dose if you feel a seizure coming
2. BStop the drug when you have had no seizures for one whole week
3. CDo not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
4. DAlcohol has no effect on seizure control

A patient receiving cisplatin is given large volumes of IV fluid before and after each dose. What is the main purpose?

1. ATo reduce kidney damage
2. BTo increase drug absorption from the gut
3. CTo prevent hair loss
4. DTo prevent bleeding

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0.6. What does this suggest?

1. AStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
2. BA deep vein thrombosis
3. CSignificant peripheral arterial disease
4. DNormal leg circulation

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal
2. BParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
3. CHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
4. DOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. ASoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DWashing prevents all infection from the lancet

A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?

1. AAn anxiety disorder
2. BNarcolepsy
3. CObstructive sleep apnoea
4. DNormal snoring

Which is a recognised side effect of ondansetron?

1. AHearing loss
2. BConstipation
3. CSevere hypoglycaemia
4. DHair loss

A patient with gallstones has a temperature of 39 °C with rigors, jaundice and right upper abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAcute hepatitis A
2. BSimple biliary colic
3. CUncomplicated reflux
4. DAscending cholangitis

The fetus is in the left occiput anterior position. Where is the fetal heart usually heard best?

1. ABelow the umbilicus on the mother's left side
2. BAbove the umbilicus on the mother's right side
3. CDirectly over the fundus
4. DAbove the umbilicus on the mother's left side

At 18 weeks, a woman's maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is well above the normal range for her dates. Which condition does this result most suggest?

1. ADown syndrome (trisomy 21)
2. BPre-eclampsia
3. CGestational diabetes
4. DAn open neural tube defect

A child with type 1 diabetes has a stomach bug and is eating very little. What is the correct advice about insulin?

1. AKeep giving insulin, check glucose and ketones more often and follow the sick-day plan
2. BGive insulin only if the child is vomiting
3. CGive double the usual insulin to prevent ketones
4. DStop all insulin until the child is eating normally again, then restart at the usual dose

Seorang kanak-kanak usia sekolah mengambil metilfenidat untuk ADHD. Perkara pengajaran manakah yang paling penting?

1. AAmbil dos pada waktu pagi, dan pantau selera makan, tidur dan pertumbuhan
2. BHentikannya pada hari persekolahan sahaja
3. CGandakan dos pada hari ujian di sekolah untuk meningkatkan lagi tumpuan
4. DAmbil pada waktu tidur untuk membantu tidur

What should a patient taking chlorpromazine be taught about sun exposure?

1. AAvoid going outside at all, even in winter, for the rest of his life
2. BSun exposure has no effect while taking this medicine
3. CUse sunscreen and protective clothing, because the skin may burn easily
4. DSunbathe for longer each day to improve mood

A caller says she is a patient's sister and asks how he is doing. The patient has not given consent to share information. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell her that he is on the ward but refuse to say anything else about his care or condition
2. BNeither confirm nor deny that he is there, and offer to pass on a message
3. CAsk her to prove she is his sister and then share the details
4. DGive a full update, because she is a close family member

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan kadar titisan memberikan 28.086 gtt/min. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah kadar titisan dibundarkan kepada titisan bulat yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan kreatinina serum ialah 212 µmol/L. Dengan menggunakan 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L untuk kreatinina, cari c dalam mg/dL. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 13 kg dipreskripsikan 15 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Seorang pesakit seberat 26.4 lb. Preskripsi ialah 2 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 10 mg dalam 1 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 12 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 28 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Terdapat 300 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 98 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 120 mL/j. Pada 19:30, 450 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: terhad sepenuhnya; kelembapan: kadang-kadang lembap; aktiviti: terhad pada kerusi; mobiliti: tiada had; pemakanan: sangat lemah; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi