Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Seorang jururawat memberi analgesia kepada pesakit untuk sakit. Apakah langkah penting seterusnya?

1. AMenilai semula sakit selepas ubat sempat bertindak
2. BMenunggu sehingga esok untuk bertanya tentang sakit
3. CMerekod dos dan menganggap sakit sudah hilang melainkan pesakit mengadu
4. DMemberi dos kedua dengan segera

Which pair of details is best for confirming a patient's identity before giving a medicine?

1. ABed number and the patient's first name, checked against the ward list
2. BFull name and date of birth, checked against the wristband
3. CRoom number and diagnosis
4. DThe name on the door and the patient's face

Which practice makes shift handoff safer?

1. ALeaving written notes only, without a chance for questions
2. BGiving handoff in a busy corridor so that the outgoing nurse can leave on time
3. CUsing a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
4. DGiving handoff from memory without any structure

An 82-year-old patient is prescribed diphenhydramine at bedtime for sleep. Why should the nurse raise this with the prescriber?

1. AIt is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
2. BIt raises blood pressure in most older adults
3. CIt is too weak to help an older person sleep
4. DIt is only available as an IV drug and cannot be given by mouth at bedtime

A patient speaks little English, and the nurse needs to explain a new procedure. What is the best way to communicate?

1. AAsk the patient’s 10-year-old child to translate
2. BUse hand gestures and hope the patient understands
3. CSpeak loudly and slowly in English
4. DUse a professional medical interpreter

At 08:00 a nurse has four tasks. Which order is best?

1. AGive insulin with breakfast, update care plans, check the patient with a falling SpO₂, give routine medications
2. BCheck the patient with a falling SpO₂, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, update care plans
3. CGive routine medications, check the patient with a falling SpO₂, update care plans, give insulin with breakfast
4. DUpdate care plans, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, check the patient with a falling SpO₂

Sawan pesakit telah berlangsung lebih daripada lima minit. Apakah maksudnya?

1. AIa normal dan tidak memerlukan rawatan
2. BLetakkan sesuatu dalam mulut untuk mencegah lidah tergigit
3. CKekang anggota badan untuk menghentikan pergerakan
4. DIa patut dirawat sebagai status epileptikus dan ubat kecemasan diberi

A patient faints during cannulation, with a slow pulse and pallor, and recovers quickly when laid flat. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling. What is most likely?

1. AAnaphylaxis
2. BVasovagal syncope
3. CA stroke
4. DA hypoglycaemic coma

A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?

1. AA rise in serum calcium
2. BA rise in serum sodium
3. CA fall in serum potassium
4. DA fall in blood glucose

A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?

1. APoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
2. BMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
3. CMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
4. DMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels

A patient receiving chemotherapy has a very low neutrophil count and is going home. Which teaching is most important?

1. AExercise in crowded gyms to build strength
2. BReport a temperature of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or higher straight away
3. CEat plenty of raw shellfish to boost protein
4. DTake paracetamol regularly so that fevers do not show

How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?

1. AIt is a full dopamine agonist that increases dopamine activity
2. BIt has no effect on dopamine and acts only on histamine
3. CIt works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin only
4. DIt is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors

Skor keterukan pneumonia manakah yang menggunakan kekeliruan, urea, kadar pernafasan, tekanan darah dan umur?

1. ACHA₂DS₂-VASc
2. BCURB-65
3. CNEWS2
4. DSkor Wells

Pada hari ke-6 infusi heparin, kiraan platelet telah turun lebih separuh dan pesakit mengalami lengan bengkak yang baharu. Apakah yang patut dijangka oleh jururawat?

1. AMeneruskan heparin dan memberikan pemindahan platelet
2. BBertukar kepada LMWH kerana ia ubat yang berbeza
3. CMenghentikan semua heparin dan memulakan antikoagulan bukan heparin
4. DMenghentikan semua antikoagulasi selama dua minggu

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6.4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
2. BInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample
3. CGive oral potassium supplements straight away
4. DStart dialysis as soon as possible

A patient with a new arm fistula says their hand on that side is cold, pale and painful, especially during dialysis. What is the concern?

1. AFluid overload in the arm
2. BAn allergic reaction to the dressing on the arm
3. CNormal healing that needs no action
4. DSteal syndrome, which needs urgent review

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea is admitted for surgery. Which instruction is most appropriate?

1. AStop all pain relief for the first three days
2. BLie flat on their back for the first night
3. CBring their CPAP machine to use after surgery
4. DAvoid sleeping at all on the night after surgery

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal discomfort after the procedure
2. BSimple reflux after the dilatation
3. CAn allergic reaction to the sedative
4. DOesophageal perforation

Hari pertama haid terakhir seorang wanita ialah 10 Mac. Menggunakan petua Naegele, apakah tarikh jangkaan bersalinnya?

1. A3 Disember
2. B17 Jun
3. C10 Januari
4. D17 Disember

Over the last hour, a labour tracing shows variable decelerations that are becoming deeper and longer, a baseline rising from 135 to 165 bpm and falling variability. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AEvolving fetal hypoxia; escalate for urgent obstetric review
2. BBenign head compression; continue routine monitoring
3. CA sign of fetal well-being; no action is needed
4. DA normal fetal sleep cycle; recheck in an hour

Why is the Lund and Browder chart preferred over the adult "rule of nines" for estimating burn size in children?

1. AIt adjusts for the larger head and smaller legs of young children
2. BIt measures the depth of the burn rather than its area
3. CIt is mainly used for small burns of the hands, feet and face in children
4. DIt counts the number of blisters on the body

Dapatan manakah pada bayi dengan cirit-birit yang mencadangkan dehidrasi paling teruk?

1. APenurunan selera makan yang ringan
2. BLesu, pengisian semula kapilari 4 saat dan tiada lampin basah selama 10 jam
3. CBibir sedikit kering dan dahaga
4. DFontanel normal, membran mukus lembap dan 4 lampin basah setakat hari ini

Which findings suggest recent cannabis use?

1. ARed eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
2. BDilated pupils, high fever and severe muscle rigidity
3. CPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
4. DSlow heart rate, constricted pupils, drooling and watery eyes

A patient with anorexia nervosa is found doing sit-ups in her room after every meal. What is the best nursing response?

1. AIgnore it, because exercise is always healthy
2. BCalmly follow the agreed care plan on activity and observation, without arguing or punishing
3. CPraise her for being so active and motivated, because it shows she is taking care of her health
4. DTell her she will be tube-fed if she does it again

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 36.8 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 20:15 dan tamat pada 05:05 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit seberat 22 kg mempunyai luas permukaan badan 0.84 m². Preskripsi ialah 50 mg/m². Cari dos D dalam mg.

Preskripsi ialah 950 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 1000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 12 jam dengan set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu infusi 25 mg dalam 250 mL berjalan pada 5 mL/j. Berapa mikrogram seminit D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 120 mL/j. Pada 20:30, 300 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: terhad sepenuhnya; kelembapan: sentiasa lembap; aktiviti: terlantar di katil; mobiliti: tiada had; pemakanan: cemerlang; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: ya; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tiada, rehat di katil atau dibantu jururawat; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi