Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

How can a patient reduce pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AAvoid coughing completely until the stitches have been removed
2. BHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
3. CCough while bending forward with no support
4. DLie flat on their back with arms by their sides

Kumpulan tanda manakah yang mencadangkan pesakit mungkin berada pada hari-hari terakhir hidup?

1. APerubahan corak pernafasan, kulit sejuk berbintik dan pengambilan berkurang
2. BSelera meningkat dan kewaspadaan bertambah
3. CPengeluaran air kencing meningkat dan tangan hangat
4. DMobiliti lebih baik dan lebih bertenaga

A patient is booked for an MRI scan. What must the nurse check beforehand?

1. AWhether the patient has eaten a large meal recently
2. BWhether the patient’s blood glucose has been in the normal range today
3. CWhether the patient has had a hearing test this year
4. DWhether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker

A patient on contact precautions for MRSA has become withdrawn and says, “Everyone avoids me.” What is the best nursing action?

1. AKeep visits short to limit the risk of spreading MRSA
2. BExplain why the precautions are needed and plan regular, unhurried time in the room
3. CStop the precautions for a few days so the patient feels less isolated and alone
4. DAsk the provider for a sedative to help the patient cope

During an IV vancomycin infusion, a patient develops flushing and itching of the face and neck. What should the nurse do first?

1. AApply a warm compress to the face and neck
2. BStop or slow the infusion and inform the provider
3. CSpeed up the infusion to finish it quickly
4. DIgnore it, because flushing is always harmless and passes

Di unit kardiak, pesakit manakah yang patut dilihat dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. APesakit yang mengambil digoksin dengan nadi 48/min, loya dan kalium 3.0 mEq/L
2. BPesakit fibrilasi atrium yang kadar denyutan jantungnya 88/min dan tidak teratur, seperti sebelumnya
3. CPesakit kegagalan jantung yang bertambah 0.3 kg sejak semalam
4. DPesakit yang diminta berpuasa sebelum imbasan esok

Which is a first-line nursing measure to help prevent constipation in hospital?

1. AEncouraging fluids, fibre and mobility
2. BRestricting fluids to reduce urine output
3. CGiving an enema to every patient on admission
4. DKeeping the patient in bed

Mengapakah konsentrat kalium klorida tidak boleh sekali-kali diberikan sebagai suntikan intravena pantas?

1. AIa menghablur dalam vena dan menyekat kanula
2. BIa boleh menyebabkan aritmia jantung yang membawa maut
3. CIa menyebabkan kegagalan buah pinggang serta-merta
4. DIa tiada kesan apabila diberi dengan pantas

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
2. BGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
3. CGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
4. DGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean

A patient on clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. The ANC is 400/µL (0.4 × 10⁹/L). What should the nurse do?

1. AHold the clozapine and report the result at once
2. BGive the next dose and recheck the ANC next month
3. CHalve the dose and give it with a throat lozenge
4. DGive the dose with food to protect the stomach

Bagaimanakah perencat SGLT2 seperti empagliflozin menurunkan glukosa darah?

1. AIa meningkatkan kehilangan glukosa dalam air kencing
2. BIa menyebabkan hati menyimpan lebih banyak glikogen
3. CIa merangsang pembebasan insulin daripada sel beta
4. DIa memperlahankan pengosongan perut

Menggabungkan beberapa ubat yang memanjangkan selang QT meningkatkan risiko aritmia yang mengancam nyawa yang mana?

1. ATorsades de pointes
2. BFibrilasi atrium
3. CBlok jantung darjah pertama
4. DTakikardia sinus

Which finding shows that long-standing hypertension has caused target organ damage?

1. AA heart rate of 72/min
2. BClear lung fields on the chest X-ray
3. CLeft ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG
4. DA normal fasting glucose

Sebelum dos digoksin pada pagi hari, nadi apeks pesakit ialah 54/min dan pesakit berasa loya. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMemberikan dos, kerana hanya nadi radial yang dikira
2. BMemberikan separuh dos dan menyemak semula nadi dalam sejam
3. CMenahan dos dan melaporkannya, kerana ketoksikan mungkin berlaku
4. DMemberikan dos dan antiemetik, kemudian menyemak semula nadi esok

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
2. BIt must be taken only once a week
3. CIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange
4. DIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk

Two days after an ileal conduit was formed, the stoma is dark purple and dry. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply a warm compress to improve the colour of the stoma
2. BRecord it as normal for a new stoma
3. CReport it urgently, because the stoma may be ischaemic
4. DChange the bag and check again next week

Seorang pesakit pendarahan GI atas akut mempunyai hemoglobin normal semasa tiba. Mengapakah ini boleh mengelirukan?

1. AHemoglobin sentiasa meningkat pada mulanya selepas sebarang kehilangan darah
2. BIa jatuh hanya selepas anjakan cecair atau cecair IV mencairkan darah
3. CHemoglobin tidak terjejas oleh pendarahan daripada usus
4. DHemoglobin hanya jatuh selepas seminggu pendarahan berterusan

A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAnal fissure
2. BUpper GI bleeding
3. CColorectal cancer
4. DCrohn's disease of the ileum

Kebolehubahan asas manakah yang dianggap sederhana (normal)?

1. AAmplitud 0 hingga 2 bpm
2. BAmplitud 3 hingga 5 bpm
3. CAmplitud lebih daripada 25 bpm
4. DAmplitud 6 hingga 25 bpm

Seorang wanita dengan pecah membran pramatang pada 31 minggu kini mempunyai suhu 38.3 °C, kadar denyutan jantung janin asas 175 bpm dan uterus yang sakit apabila ditekan. Apakah yang paling mungkin?

1. ADapatan normal selepas pecah membran
2. BPlasenta praevia
3. CJangkitan intra-amnion (korioamnionitis)
4. DSindrom hipotensi telentang

A child has scabies. Which plan is correct?

1. AStop treatment as soon as the itch improves on the first day
2. BTreat only the itchy areas of skin, not the whole body
3. CTreat only the child, as family members without itching are not infected
4. DTreat the child and all close contacts at the same time, and wash bedding and clothes

Which finding in an infant with suspected reflux needs prompt medical review?

1. APoor weight gain, refusing feeds and blood in the vomit
2. BSpitting up more after a large feed
3. CSmall posseting after feeds in a contented, growing baby
4. DHiccups after feeds that settle on their own

A patient says, "The doctor says I'm getting better, but I don't think anyone here really knows me." Which nurse response is most therapeutic?

1. A"The doctor is very experienced, so you should trust her."
2. B"Everyone here knows you well, so don't worry."
3. C"Why do you think the doctor is wrong about you?"
4. D"You feel that people here don't really know you?"

For the last 3 years a man has had frequent periods of mildly raised mood and periods of low mood. None has been severe enough to count as hypomania or a major depressive episode. Which diagnosis fits best?

1. ABipolar I disorder
2. BBipolar II disorder
3. CCyclothymic disorder
4. DMajor depressive disorder

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 01:30 (jam 24 jam). Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 12 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 112:30 AM
2. 23:30 AM
3. 31:30 PM
4. 41:30 AM

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 22:00 dan tamat pada 08:50 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit berberat 70 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 4 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 8 kg dipreskripsi 15 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 125 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 2 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Sebuah beg mengandungi 1 g ubat dalam 500 mL. Arahannya ialah 2 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih). Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 12:30 dengan 75 mL/j. Selepas 3 jam kadar ditukar kepada 150 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 28/min, SpO₂ 96% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 136/82 mmHg, nadi 82/min, sedar, suhu 37.7 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 10/min, SpO₂ 96% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 78/46 mmHg, nadi 70/min, sedar, suhu 37.4 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi