Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

What is medicines reconciliation on admission?

1. AChanging all the patient's medicines to hospital brands
2. BGetting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
3. CCounting the tablets in the ward drug trolley at the start of each shift
4. DOrdering new stock from the pharmacy

A toddler is brought in with bruises on both cheeks and the parent's explanation does not fit the injuries. What should the nurse do?

1. AConfront the parent and ask them directly whether they hurt the child
2. BSend the child home and phone the family next week
3. CIgnore it, as children often bruise themselves
4. DDocument accurately and follow the child safeguarding procedure

Pernyataan manakah tentang penggunaan sekatan fizikal yang betul?

1. ASekatan boleh digunakan setiap kali unit kekurangan kakitangan kejururawatan
2. BSekatan disemak sekali pada akhir setiap syif
3. CArahan sekatan berterusan mengikut keperluan ialah amalan yang baik
4. DAlternatif didahulukan, dan arahan yang terhad masa diperlukan

Over a few hours, the emergency department sees many previously healthy people with the same unusual severe symptoms. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it to infection prevention and public health authorities promptly
2. BSend the patients home quickly to avoid crowding the emergency department
3. CTreat each patient and wait to see if more arrive next week
4. DTell only the patients’ families about the pattern

A patient with asthma uses a peak flow meter. A reading below 50% of personal best is in the red zone. Which statement shows correct understanding?

1. A“I will go for a short run to open up my lungs.”
2. B“I will stop all my inhalers until the reading is back up.”
3. C“I will wait until tomorrow morning to see if the reading gets better on its own.”
4. D“I will use my reliever inhaler and get emergency help straight away.”

An older patient has bruises of different ages and seems frightened when a relative visits. What is the nurse’s priority?

1. AEnsure the patient’s safety, document the findings and report as required
2. BAsk the relative directly in front of the patient whether they hit her
3. CIgnore it, because older people bruise easily
4. DTell the patient she must leave home and go to live somewhere else

How does CPAP help a patient with obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt removes excess carbon dioxide from the lungs by gentle suction
2. BIt keeps the upper airway open during sleep with continuous air pressure
3. CIt strengthens the breathing muscles during the day
4. DIt delivers bronchodilator drugs deep into the lungs overnight

Why might a patient with diabetes who takes a beta-blocker not notice hypoglycaemia early?

1. ABeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so true hypoglycaemia cannot happen at all
2. BBeta-blockers stop the liver from responding to insulin
3. CBeta-blockers can mask warning signs such as tremor and a fast heart rate
4. DBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through the night

Kiraan sel darah putih seorang pesakit ialah 16 × 10³/µL dengan perkadaran tinggi neutrofil yang belum matang (band). Apakah yang paling mungkin ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. AJangkitan bakteria akut
2. BKeputusan normal
3. CPenyakit virus kronik sahaja
4. DAnemia kekurangan zat besi

The nurse teaches a patient with chronic kidney disease about a potassium-restricted diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll check food labels and ask my dietitian about portion sizes"
2. B"I'll limit bananas, oranges and potatoes in my meals"
3. C"I can leach potatoes by soaking them before cooking them"
4. D"Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"

Reseptor manakah yang terutamanya disekat oleh penyekat beta seperti metoprolol?

1. AReseptor muskarinik di jantung
2. BReseptor beta-3 dalam tisu lemak
3. CReseptor alfa-1 dalam saluran darah
4. DReseptor adrenergik beta-1 di jantung

A baby born to a mother on methadone becomes irritable on day 2, with a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANeonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
2. BVitamin K deficiency bleeding
3. CNeonatal hypoglycaemia from maternal diabetes
4. DNormal newborn behaviour

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0.1 mL/kg/h
2. BHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
3. CBelow 0.5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
4. DNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring

Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow
2. BStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision
3. CCheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
4. DReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt lowers the blood glucose
2. BIt slows the decline in kidney function
3. CIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood
4. DIt cures chronic kidney disease

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
2. BAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
3. CA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
4. DA laxative and review in the clinic in a month

Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?

1. ATo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic
2. BTo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
3. CTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards
4. DTo make the bowels open before the operation

A patient with a sacral pressure ulcer keeps sliding down the bed when the head is raised high. Which advice best reduces shear?

1. AUse a dry sheet and drag the patient up the bed
2. BKeep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets
3. CRaise the head of the bed to 90° and pull the patient up the bed by the arms
4. DSit the patient upright without any support for the feet

A woman has painful haemorrhoids after a vaginal birth. Which measure is appropriate?

1. AStraining hard to open the bowels
2. BAvoiding all fluids to prevent loose stools
3. CSitting on a hard surface for long periods
4. DSitz baths, cold pads and stool softeners

Satu jam selepas kelahiran, bayi besar kepada ibu yang menghidap diabetes menggigil-gigil dan menyusu dengan lemah. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMenenangkan ibu bapa bahawa menggigil-gigil itu normal
2. BMemeriksa glukosa darah bayi
3. CMemandikan bayi untuk mengejutkannya
4. DMembedung bayi dengan ketat dan menyemak semula dalam 4 jam

Dapatan manakah pada pemeriksaan 18 bulan yang memerlukan rujukan untuk penilaian perkembangan?

1. AKanak-kanak bermain di sebelah kanak-kanak lain dan bukan bersama mereka
2. BKanak-kanak belum berjalan sendiri
3. CKanak-kanak hanya menyebut beberapa perkataan
4. DKanak-kanak takut kepada orang asing

An 8-year-old tells the nurse that her uncle touches her in a way she does not like and asks the nurse to keep it secret. What is the best response?

1. AListen calmly, praise her for telling, explain it must be shared, and follow safeguarding
2. BPhone the uncle straight away to ask for his side of the story before reporting anything
3. CPromise to keep the secret, so that she keeps trusting the nurse and tells more later
4. DAsk detailed, leading questions to find out exactly what happened

A patient stopped paroxetine suddenly a few days ago. She now has dizziness, irritability, flu-like symptoms and brief "electric shock" feelings. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASerotonin syndrome
2. BNeuroleptic malignant syndrome
3. CAntidepressant discontinuation syndrome
4. DA relapse of her depression into a severe psychotic depression

A new nurse delegates several tasks to a healthcare assistant. Which delegation shows a need for further teaching?

1. AAsking the assistant to take routine vital signs of a stable patient
2. BAsking the assistant to help a patient with personal hygiene
3. CAsking the assistant to decide whether a patient needs a second dose of a PRN sedative
4. DAsking the assistant to sit with a calm patient during a group art activity and report any concerns

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 103.3 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan kreatinina serum ialah 1.6 mg/dL. Dengan menggunakan 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L untuk kreatinina, cari c dalam µmol/L kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Seorang pesakit berberat 30 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 2 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 3 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang pesakit setinggi 126 cm dan seberat 42 kg. Preskripsi ialah 175 mg/m². Dengan menggunakan formula Mosteller BSA = √(tinggi (cm) × berat (kg)/3600), cari dos D dalam mg.

Infuskan 1500 mL selama 4 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Sebuah beg mengandungi 1 g ubat dalam 500 mL. Arahannya ialah 1.5 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih). Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 11:45 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 150 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 13:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata apabila dipanggil, menyebut perkataan rawak yang tidak sesuai dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: fleksi lengan yang tidak normal (postur dekortikat). Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 1 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai badan merah jambu dengan tangan dan kaki biru, kadar denyutan jantung 65/min, tiada respons terhadap rangsangan, sedikit fleksi pada lengan dan kaki dan tidak bernafas. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah