Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Teaching a patient how to inject insulin mainly involves which domain of learning?

1. APsychomotor
2. BSpiritual
3. CAffective
4. DCognitive

A patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis has to go to the X-ray department. What is correct?

1. ANo precautions are needed outside the ward
2. BThe patient wears a surgical mask during transport
3. CThe patient wears a respirator and staff wear nothing
4. DThe patient cannot leave the room under any circumstances

Which part of a sterile surgical gown is considered sterile once it is on?

1. AThe front from chest to the level of the sterile field, and the sleeves
2. BThe front from the neck down to the knees
3. COnly the back of the gown, which nobody touches
4. DThe whole gown, including the back, the collar and the area below the waist

A patient punches a nurse during care. The nurse is not seriously hurt. What should the nurse do?

1. ASay nothing, because violence is part of the job
2. BPunch the patient back in self-defense
3. CRefuse to care for any patient for the rest of the week until the patient is moved
4. DGet medical assessment and report the assault according to policy

Which medication order should the nurse question?

1. AOral potassium chloride with food
2. BPotassium chloride diluted in an IV bag via a pump
3. CPotassium chloride oral solution diluted in juice
4. DPotassium chloride by IV push

Seorang pesakit mengalami kesukaran bercakap secara mendadak 45 minit lalu. Tindakan manakah yang menjadi keutamaan tertinggi?

1. AAktifkan pasukan strok untuk pengimejan segera, dengan mencatat bila kali terakhir pesakit diketahui sihat
2. BTunggu sehingga pakar neurologi dapat menilai pesakit pada rondaan wad pagi
3. CBeri air supaya pesakit boleh mengambil ubat pagi yang biasa
4. DBeri aspirin melalui mulut serta-merta untuk menghadkan bekuan

Which adverse effects should be monitored for in a patient receiving IV gentamicin?

1. AConstipation and urinary retention
2. BHair loss and weight gain
3. CHyperglycaemia and tremor
4. DKidney damage and hearing loss

Seorang pesakit mengalami loya dan muntah selama tiga hari dan mengambil furosemid. Masalah elektrolit manakah yang paling berkemungkinan?

1. AHipokalemia
2. BHiperkalemia
3. CHiperkalsemia
4. DHipernatremia sahaja

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

1. AApples
2. BWhite rice
3. CCabbage
4. DBananas

Selepas kemoterapi untuk limfoma yang membesar pantas, corak keputusan manakah yang mencadangkan sindrom lisis tumor?

1. AKalium tinggi, fosfat tinggi, asid urik tinggi dan kalsium rendah
2. BNatrium tinggi dan glukosa rendah sahaja
3. CKalium rendah, fosfat rendah, asid urik rendah dan kalsium meningkat
4. DElektrolit normal dengan hemoglobin tinggi

In which patient is bupropion contraindicated?

1. AA patient with seasonal allergies
2. BA patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder
3. CA patient with high blood cholesterol and a family history of it
4. DA patient who wants to stop smoking

Which statement correctly contrasts donepezil and memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

1. ADonepezil blocks NMDA receptors; memantine inhibits acetylcholinesterase
2. BBoth drugs remove amyloid plaques from the brain
3. CDonepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
4. DBoth drugs are dopamine agonists that differ only in their half-lives

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. AAsthma
2. BPhaeochromocytoma
3. CAortic stenosis
4. DStable angina

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. AGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
2. BCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
3. CEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
4. DArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm

Pernyataan manakah tentang pemberian fenitoin IV yang betul?

1. AIa patut ditolak dengan pantas dalam beberapa saat
2. BIa boleh dicampur ke dalam mana-mana infusi glukosa
3. CIa diberikan dalam natrium klorida 0.9% dengan pemantauan jantung
4. DIa tidak memerlukan pemantauan irama jantung atau tekanan darah

A patient with a long-term catheter has fever and rigors, and a catheter UTI is suspected. Which action is recommended before starting antibiotics?

1. ATake a sample from the drainage bag and send it to the lab
2. BRemove the catheter and leave it out permanently
3. CReplace the catheter and take a sample from the new one
4. DFlush the catheter with saline and continue

Dalam tempoh manakah selepas pembedahan dehisens luka paling berkemungkinan berlaku?

1. ADalam jam pertama
2. BKira-kira 5–10 hari selepas pembedahan
3. CLebih setahun selepas pembedahan
4. DHanya semasa pembedahan

A nurse finds a dislodged sealed radiation source in the bed of a patient receiving brachytherapy. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse long-handled forceps to put it in the lead container; report it
2. BPick it up with gloved hands and put it in the nearest sharps bin quickly
3. CThrow it in the clinical waste bag
4. DLeave it in the bed until the end of the shift

Obesity before pregnancy (BMI 40) most increases the risk of which pregnancy complication?

1. APlacenta praevia only
2. BGestational diabetes
3. CLow birth weight from overnutrition
4. DHyperemesis gravidarum

Women with pre-eclampsia can develop complications after birth. Which statement in discharge teaching is correct?

1. AAll risk ends once the placenta has been delivered
2. BIt can still develop after birth, so report headache or visual changes
3. CBlood pressure always returns to normal within 1 hour of birth
4. DSeizures cannot happen after the baby and placenta are born

If the MMR and varicella vaccines are not given on the same day, what is the general rule?

1. ASeparate them by at least 4 weeks
2. BGive the second within 24 hours of the first
3. CSeparate them by at least 1 week
4. DNever give both vaccines in the same year

Seorang kanak-kanak usia sekolah akan menjalani pembedahan. Pendekatan penyediaan manakah yang paling sesuai dengan usia ini?

1. ATerangkan prosedur dengan gambar rajah mudah, benarkan soalan dan libatkan kanak-kanak dalam membuat pilihan
2. BBincangkan segalanya dengan ibu bapa tetapi tidak dengan kanak-kanak, supaya kanak-kanak tidak ketakutan
3. CGunakan cakap bayi dan mainan untuk bayi sahaja
4. DElakkan menerangkan kerana ia hanya akan menyebabkan ketakutan

Which action reflects trauma-informed care?

1. AUsing physical restraint early to prevent any loss of control
2. BExplaining each procedure in advance and offering choices wherever possible
3. CMaking all decisions for the patient so that she does not feel burdened
4. DAsking the patient to repeat the full trauma story to each new staff member

During a panic attack, a patient breathes very fast and complains of light-headedness and tingling in her fingers and around her mouth. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk her to breathe into a paper bag for at least 10 minutes
2. BStay with her and coach her to breathe slowly and steadily
3. CGive her oxygen at a high flow rate through a mask
4. DLeave her alone so that she can calm down without anyone watching

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan kadar titisan memberikan 150.184 gtt/min. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah kadar titisan dibundarkan kepada titisan bulat yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 3 mcg/min. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mg/h.

Dos 10 mg diperlukan daripada larutan 0.5% (b/i). Isi padu V manakah yang mengandungi dos ini?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 20 kg dipreskripsi 15 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 250 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

500 mL diarahkan selama 6 jam. Selepas 3 jam anda mendapati 310 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

Sebuah beg mengandungi 2 g ubat dalam 250 mL. Arahannya ialah 0.5 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 08:45 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 100 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 10:45?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sedikit terhad; kelembapan: sentiasa lembap; aktiviti: terlantar di katil; mobiliti: sangat terhad; pemakanan: mungkin tidak mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: tiada masalah ketara. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi