Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

In England and Wales, what does it mean if a child under 16 is "Gillick competent"?

1. ATheir parents must always make every decision for them
2. BThey can refuse all treatment, whatever the risk, until they reach the age of 18
3. CThey are old enough to vote and drive
4. DThey have enough understanding to consent to a particular treatment themselves

Which statement by a visitor shows a need for further teaching about contact precautions?

1. A"I'll clean my hands as I leave the room."
2. B"I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
3. C"I'll take off the gown and gloves before I leave the room."
4. D"I'll put on the gown and gloves before I go in."

A patient has highly contagious viral conjunctivitis. Which teaching is most important?

1. AKeep using the same contact lenses to protect the eyes
2. BRub the eyes gently to remove the discharge
3. CWear a surgical mask whenever someone else is in the room
4. DWash hands often and do not share towels, pillows or eye drops

A nurse teaches a patient about home oxygen safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will keep my oxygen away from the stove.”
2. B“I will keep my spare cylinders upright and secured.”
3. C“I can light candles at dinner if my oxygen is turned down low.”
4. D“I will put a ‘no smoking’ sign on my front door for visitors.”

A nurse sees a nursing assistant leave a confused patient’s bed in the highest position after care. What should the nurse do?

1. AWrite it in the assistant’s yearly review only
2. BLeave it because the patient is asleep
3. CLower the bed now and remind the assistant why it matters
4. DAsk the family to lower the bed when they next visit

Four laboratory results come back at once. Which one should the nurse report first?

1. AGlucose 180 mg/dL after a meal in a patient with diabetes
2. BPotassium 3.4 mEq/L in a patient on a diuretic
3. CCreatinine 1.3 mg/dL in an older adult, unchanged from last week
4. DHemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed

Pesakit yang baru memulakan perencat ACE mengalami batuk kering yang berterusan. Apakah punca yang mungkin?

1. AEmbolisme pulmonari
2. BKesan sampingan perencat ACE yang diketahui
3. CAsma yang disebabkan oleh penyekat beta
4. DTindak balas alahan terhadap penisilin yang baru diberikan

A patient with diabetes is found confused with slurred speech and weakness on one side. What should the nurse check first?

1. AUrine output for the last day
2. BCapillary blood glucose
3. CBody mass index
4. DSerum cholesterol

Which change in clotting tests is normal in late pregnancy?

1. APlatelets rise above 600 × 10³/µL
2. BINR rises to about 3.0
3. CFibrinogen and D-dimer rise
4. DaPTT doubles from baseline

A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?

1. AA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
2. BGradual replacement of free water over many hours
3. CRapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
4. DStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. AConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
2. BYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
3. CDry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion
4. DPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness

A patient on digoxin is started on amiodarone. What change should the nurse expect?

1. ANo interaction is expected
2. BDigoxin levels rise, so the digoxin dose is often reduced
3. CAmiodarone levels fall to zero
4. DDigoxin levels fall sharply, so the digoxin dose is doubled

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AStaphylococcal infection of the skin
2. BA group A streptococcal throat infection
3. CA fungal infection of the lungs
4. DA viral infection of the upper airway

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil dabigatran mengalami pendarahan gastrousus yang serius. Agen penterbalikan khusus manakah yang boleh digunakan?

1. AFitomenadion (vitamin K)
2. BAsid traneksamik sahaja
3. CIdarusizumab
4. DProtamin sulfat

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. AGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse
2. BLate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
3. CLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
4. DLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing

A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?

1. AThe blood glucose, because it may fall
2. BThe urine output, because it may stop
3. CThe INR, because it may rise
4. DThe potassium, because it may rise

What is achalasia?

1. AInflammation of the oesophagus caused by a fungal infection
2. BFailure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
3. CA tear at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach
4. DWeakness of the lower oesophageal sphincter that allows reflux

A patient with diabetes has rapidly spreading redness around a small wound, severe pain out of proportion, fever and crackling under the skin. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA simple insect bite
2. BMild contact dermatitis
3. CA healing venous ulcer
4. DNecrotising fasciitis

Which baby is at greatest risk of early-onset group B streptococcal infection?

1. AA baby born by planned caesarean with intact membranes
2. BA baby whose mother was GBS-negative at 36 weeks
3. CA baby of a GBS-positive mother with no antibiotics
4. DA baby born at 40 weeks to a mother with no risk factors

Seorang wanita baru didiagnosis dengan diabetes gestasi pada 26 minggu. Apakah langkah pertama pengurusan yang lazim?

1. ANasihat pemakanan, aktiviti fizikal dan pemantauan glukosa darah, dengan ubat jika sasaran tidak dicapai
2. BBerhenti makan semua karbohidrat
3. CTiada susulan diperlukan sehingga selepas kelahiran
4. DMemulakan insulin atau sulfonilurea oral serta-merta untuk setiap wanita, apa pun bacaan glukosa darahnya

Seorang kanak-kanak mempunyai air kencing berwarna kola, mata bengkak dan tekanan darah tinggi dua minggu selepas sakit tekak. Apakah diagnosis yang mungkin?

1. ATumor Wilms
2. BGlomerulonefritis akut pasca-streptokokus
3. CSindrom nefrotik
4. DJangkitan saluran kencing

How should a child who is still drowsy after a tonsillectomy be positioned?

1. AFlat on the back with the head tilted backwards
2. BProne with the face directly in the pillow
3. COn the side or semi-prone, so secretions can drain from the mouth
4. DSitting fully upright with the head bent forward on the chest

Which physical finding is common in bulimia nervosa?

1. ASwelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw
2. BRaised blood pressure, a fast pulse and a high temperature
3. CVery low body weight with lanugo hair
4. DA high serum potassium level

Pesakit manakah yang patut dilihat dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. APesakit yang baru dimasukkan yang berkata suara-suara menyuruhnya terjun dari tingkap
2. BPesakit yang mengalami kemurungan yang meminta bantuan untuk tidur
3. CPesakit yang mengambil litium dengan gegaran tangan yang halus
4. DPesakit yang cemas yang mahu membincangkan rancangan discaj sebelum rondaan wad pagi

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 6 lb 8 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 12 mg/h. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mcg/min. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Sebuah vial mengandungi serbuk 2 g. Label menyatakan: tambah 9.2 mL air untuk suntikan untuk mendapatkan jumlah isi padu 10 mL. Preskripsi ialah 400 mg. Berapakah isi padu V larutan yang dilarutkan semula yang anda berikan?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 18 kg dipreskripsi 12.5 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 90 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

1500 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 6 jam anda mendapati 430 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 73 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 80 mL/j. Pada 08:30, 750 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu carta latihan merekodkan GCS 10, dengan E3 dan V3. Apakah skor motor M yang direkodkan, dan respons yang manakah yang dihuraikannya? Berikan nombornya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 18/min, SpO₂ 92% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 112/68 mmHg, nadi 40/min, bertindak balas kepada suara sahaja, suhu 39.6 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi