Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A dying patient asks to see a chaplain or religious leader. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the patient's doctor if a visit is allowed
2. BArrange the visit as soon as possible
3. CTell the patient to wait until visiting hours tomorrow
4. DExplain that religious matters are not part of care

A patient has a generalised tonic-clonic seizure in bed. What should the nurse do?

1. AHold the arms and legs firmly so that the jerking movements stop more quickly
2. BPut a spoon between the teeth to stop tongue biting
3. CProtect the head, move objects away, time it and do not restrain
4. DGive a drink of water as soon as the jerking starts

A nurse finds a used needle in a patient’s bed linen. What should the nurse do?

1. AFold it into the linen and send it to the laundry
2. BLeave it where it is for the housekeeping staff to remove later in the day
3. CRecap it with two hands before throwing it away
4. DPick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it

A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor next to the bed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ATelephone the family to tell them about the fall
2. BLift the patient back into bed with a colleague
3. CComplete an incident report while the details are fresh
4. DAssess the patient for injury before moving them

Which infant with gastroenteritis should the nurse see first?

1. AMild diaper rash, otherwise playful
2. BTwo loose stools today, feeding well
3. CLethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
4. DAlert, crying with tears, had a wet diaper an hour ago

Two hours after a femoral cardiac catheterization, the nurse sees blood spreading from the puncture site. What is the first action?

1. AApply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site
2. BAsk the patient to bend the leg at the hip to stop the bleeding
3. CRemove the dressing and leave the site open to the air
4. DRaise the head of the bed so the patient can sit up

A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor beside the bed. What should be done first?

1. APhone the patient's family
2. BCheck the patient for injuries before moving them
3. CComplete the incident report form
4. DLift the patient straight back into bed so they are comfortable

A nurse teaches a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will see the podiatrist about hard skin."
2. B"I will walk barefoot at home to toughen my feet."
3. C"I will wear well-fitting shoes."
4. D"I will check my feet every day for cuts or blisters."

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
2. BSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
3. CStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
4. DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges

A patient with suspected Cushing syndrome takes dexamethasone at night. The next morning, the cortisol is still high. What does this suggest?

1. ACortisol is being produced without normal feedback control
2. BThe result is normal, as dexamethasone raises cortisol
3. CThe adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol
4. DThe patient has primary hypothyroidism instead

How should a patient take oral alendronate?

1. ACrushed into yoghurt with calcium supplements
2. BWith breakfast and coffee to protect the stomach
3. CWith plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
4. DWith milk at bedtime, then lying down straight away to aid absorption

Beta-lactam antibiotics show time-dependent killing. What does this mean for administration?

1. ADoses can be given at any time as long as the daily total is right
2. BDoses should be given on time at evenly spaced intervals
3. CA single very large daily dose works best
4. DDoses should be given only when the patient has a fever

A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?

1. AExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
2. BExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection
3. CTell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
4. DAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops

A patient is listed for coronary angiography in the morning. Which pre-procedure result should the nurse report to the team?

1. AA markedly reduced eGFR
2. BA blood glucose of 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
3. CA haemoglobin in the normal range
4. DA normal platelet count

Which group of problems is typical of primary hyperparathyroidism?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhoea
2. BMuscle cramps, tingling lips and seizures
3. CHair loss, weight gain and feeling cold
4. DKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and low mood

A patient has fever, confusion, odd behaviour and a new seizure. Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Which drug is usually started straight away?

1. AIV aciclovir
2. BOral amoxicillin
3. COral prednisolone
4. DIV insulin

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo remove any feed left in the stomach
2. BTo check that the patient is still hungry
3. CTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
4. DTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight

After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. APain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
2. BThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld
3. CThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now
4. DThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs

The fetus is in the left occiput anterior position. Where is the fetal heart usually heard best?

1. AAbove the umbilicus on the mother's left side
2. BBelow the umbilicus on the mother's left side
3. CDirectly over the fundus
4. DAbove the umbilicus on the mother's right side

A newborn whose mother had a fever and prolonged rupture of membranes is well at birth. Why does the nurse monitor this baby closely?

1. AThe baby has a higher risk of hip dysplasia
2. BThe baby is likely to be post-term
3. CThe baby has a higher risk of early sepsis
4. DThe baby will certainly develop jaundice

Which instruction about using an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector is correct?

1. AInject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
2. BUse it only after an antihistamine has failed to work
3. CInject into the upper arm muscle, but only after removing all the clothing first
4. DInject it into the buttock muscle and then let the child walk it off at home

A 6-month-old has just learned to roll over. Which safety advice is most urgent now?

1. ATurn pan handles towards the back of the stove and fit a guard around the cooker
2. BTeach her not to touch the hot oven door
3. CNever leave her alone on a changing table, bed or sofa
4. DInstall locks on all kitchen cupboards and drawers

Which goal for a patient with depression is written in a SMART way?

1. A"The patient will feel better soon."
2. B"The patient will improve her mood and sleep and start exercising more at some point."
3. C"The patient will be happier."
4. D"The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."

While caring for a highly anxious patient, a nurse notices her own heart racing and her speech getting faster. What is most important?

1. ALeave the patient immediately and not return
2. BMatch the patient's level of anxiety to show empathy
3. CIgnore her own reaction, because the nurse's feelings do not matter in patient care
4. DRecognise that anxiety spreads between people, and calm herself first

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 8:25 AM. Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 108:25
2. 220:25
3. 309:25
4. 407:25

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan hemoglobin ialah 8.8 g/dL. Nyatakan dalam g/L Hb.

Seorang pesakit berberat 70 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 7.5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 2 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 12 kg dipreskripsi 15 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 125 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1500 mL selama 5 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit.

Satu beg mengandungi 200 mg ubat dalam 100 mL dan berjalan pada 20 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Pesakit berberat 98 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 16:00 dengan 150 mL/j. Selepas 3 jam kadar ditukar kepada 125 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 53 kg dan setinggi 166 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III