Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

When opening a sterile pack on a table, which flap is opened first?

1. AThe flap nearest to you
2. BThe flap on your dominant side
3. CThe flap furthest away from you
4. DAny flap, as long as you wear sterile gloves

Why must medicines for Parkinson's disease, such as levodopa, be given on time?

1. AThe timing does not matter as long as the full daily total is given
2. BLate doses cause the patient to fall asleep
3. CLate doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
4. DThe drug becomes poisonous if it is given late

A patient wants to use their own electric hair dryer in the hospital. What is correct?

1. AIt can be used straight away if it looks new
2. BIt is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
3. CIt can be used in the bathroom near the sink if the patient is careful
4. DIt can be plugged into an extension lead under the bed

Seorang jururawat tiba di tempat kebakaran di koridor dan api sedang merebak. Pesakit berada di bilik berhampiran. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat selepas membunyikan penggera?

1. AMembawa pesakit ke tingkat bawah menggunakan lif yang terdekat
2. BMembuka semua pintu dan tingkap supaya asap keluar
3. CCuba memadamkan api yang merebak seorang diri dengan pemadam api
4. DMenutup pintu dan memindahkan pesakit yang berada dalam bahaya secara mendatar di sebalik pintu kebakaran

Seorang jururawat melihat pembantu jururawat mengukur tekanan darah dengan kaf yang jelas terlalu kecil. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMenyebutnya kemudian pada penilaian tahunan pembantu yang seterusnya
2. BMengeluarkan pembantu daripada penjagaan pesakit untuk hari itu
3. CCampur tangan sekarang, betulkan teknik dengan bijaksana dan semak semula
4. DMengabaikannya, kerana satu bacaan tinggi tidak penting

Seorang pesakit dengan kateter vena pusat tiba-tiba sesak nafas, dengan sakit dada dan SpO₂ yang menurun, semasa talian dikeluarkan. Apakah yang dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. ABilas kateter dengan salin untuk membersihkan sebarang sekatan
2. BDudukkan pesakit tegak dan siapkan pengeluaran talian dengan cepat
3. CMinta pesakit menarik nafas dalam yang perlahan dan teruskan
4. DTutup tapak itu, pusingkan ke sebelah kiri dengan kepala ke bawah, beri oksigen dan minta bantuan

A patient on the ward has shingles with open blisters. Which people are most at risk from contact?

1. APregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
2. BNo one, because shingles cannot spread
3. COnly people over 80 who have already had shingles themselves
4. DPeople who have already had chickenpox in childhood and are now healthy

A nurse is teaching a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep my INR blood test appointments."
2. B"I will report black stools or unusual bruising."
3. C"I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
4. D"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."

How should a blood sample for serum ammonia be handled?

1. ALeft at room temperature for several hours first
2. BKept warm and sent with the next routine batch
3. CPlaced on ice and sent to the laboratory at once
4. DShaken firmly to mix it before it is sent away

A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHereditary hemochromatosis
2. BIron-deficiency anemia
3. CAcute viral hepatitis A
4. DAnemia of chronic disease

A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
2. BTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
3. CGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
4. DWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic

An older patient with coronary artery disease is starting levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Why is a low starting dose used?

1. AFast replacement raises cardiac oxygen demand and can cause angina
2. BLevothyroxine causes severe hypoglycaemia in older patients
3. CHigh starting doses cause permanent hypothyroidism
4. DOlder patients absorb levothyroxine much better, so small doses are all they need

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AJust below the left collarbone
2. BOver the left nipple
3. CThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe tube cuff has burst during insertion
2. BThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
3. CThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
4. DThe tube has entered the oesophagus

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
2. BTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
3. CTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
4. DTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on

Which patient with a spinal cord injury is at risk of autonomic dysreflexia?

1. AA patient with an injury at S2
2. BA patient with an injury at T4
3. CA patient with an injury at L3
4. DA patient with an injury at L5

Langkah manakah yang membantu mencegah sindrom lisis tumor pada pesakit berisiko tinggi?

1. AMenghentikan semua cecair IV dan oral semasa kemoterapi
2. BHidrasi IV dengan alopurinol atau rasburikase
3. CSuplemen kalsium dan fosfat setiap hari
4. DSekatan cecair dengan tablet kalium

Semasa resusitasi lecuran, pengeluaran air kencing seorang dewasa 80 kg ialah 15 mL/j selama 2 jam. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. AResusitasi yang tidak mencukupi; kadar cecair biasanya perlu dinaikkan
2. BLebihan cecair; semua cecair IV patut dihentikan sekarang
3. CKateter tersumbat yang patut dikeluarkan sahaja
4. DPengeluaran air kencing yang normal bagi pesakit lecur

Which test estimates how much fetal blood has entered the mother's circulation, to guide the dose of anti-D?

1. ADirect Coombs test on the baby
2. BKleihauer–Betke test
3. CNitrazine test
4. DGlucose tolerance test

A preterm infant receiving oxygen has saturations that are consistently 100%. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the oxygen to provide a safety margin
2. BRemove the saturation probe to save the skin
3. CWean the oxygen to the target saturation range
4. DLeave it unchanged because 100% is ideal

Langkah kejururawatan manakah yang paling membantu bayi dengan bronkiolitis?

1. ASedutan hidung yang lembut sebelum penyusuan dan pemantauan hidrasi serta ketepuan oksigen
2. BMembaringkan bayi meniarap rata untuk tidur supaya rembesan dapat mengalir keluar dari saluran udara
3. CMenahan semua penyusuan sehingga bayi bertambah baik
4. DAntibiotik rutin

A toddler has burns on both feet and the buttocks, with sharp "stocking" lines and no splash marks. What should the nurse consider?

1. AAn accidental spill from a cup of tea
2. BSunburn from playing outside in a paddling pool on a hot day
3. CA skin infection that looks like a burn
4. DPossible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure

Apakah nasihat tentang garam dan cecair yang patut diterima oleh pesakit yang mengambil litium?

1. AIkut diet rendah garam yang ketat dan minum cecair sesedikit mungkin, terutamanya dalam cuaca panas
2. BAmbil tablet garam setiap hari
3. CMinum air sesedikit mungkin
4. DKekalkan pengambilan garam yang stabil dan normal serta minum cecair yang mencukupi, terutamanya dalam cuaca panas atau semasa sakit

Three weeks after her husband died, a woman says she sometimes briefly hears him call her name at home. She is otherwise eating, sleeping and coping. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AIt is a sign of schizophrenia that needs antipsychotic medicine
2. BBrief experiences like this can be part of normal grief
3. CIt proves she has severe major depression with psychosis
4. DIt means she has delirium and needs urgent tests

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 40.8 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 1 mg/h. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mcg/min. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Seorang pesakit berberat 12 kg dan dipreskripsikan 15 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal. Cari dos D dalam mg.

Preskripsi ialah 130 mikrogram. Ampul mengandungi 1 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 80 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Satu beg mengandungi 250 mg ubat dalam 50 mL dan berjalan pada 5 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 09:45 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 11:45?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata secara spontan, berorientasi terhadap orang, tempat dan masa dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: mematuhi arahan. Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 14/min, SpO₂ 97% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 90/54 mmHg, nadi 98/min, sedar, suhu 37.1 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi