Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?

1. ATo prevent lumpy fatty swelling that affects absorption
2. BTo make the insulin work more quickly with each injection
3. CTo stop the patient getting used to the needle
4. DBecause each site can only be used once

An older patient's leg wound has become more painful and has a new unpleasant smell, but there is no fever. What does this suggest?

1. AA possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
2. BThe wound has dried out and needs to be left open
3. CAn allergy to the dressing that needs no action
4. DNormal healing, because there is no fever and the wound is still closed

A patient wants to use their own electric hair dryer in the hospital. What is correct?

1. AIt can be plugged into an extension lead under the bed
2. BIt can be used straight away if it looks new
3. CIt is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
4. DIt can be used in the bathroom near the sink if the patient is careful

Several patients arrive with suspected inhalational anthrax after a deliberate release. Which precautions are needed for their care?

1. AAirborne precautions in negative-pressure rooms, because spores are inhaled
2. BContact precautions with gowns and gloves
3. CStandard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
4. DDroplet precautions with surgical masks

A nurse has called the rapid response team for a deteriorating patient. What should the nurse do while waiting for the team?

1. ALeave the patient for a few minutes to find the relatives and explain what is happening
2. BGo to the station to finish documentation for other patients
3. CStay with the patient, give oxygen as prescribed and have recent vital signs ready
4. DGive a dose of every as-needed medication on the chart

Di jabatan kecemasan, pesakit manakah yang patut terus ke bilik rawatan?

1. ASeorang berumur 25 tahun dengan pergelangan tangan terseliuh dan tanda vital normal
2. BSeorang berumur 45 tahun yang meminta preskripsi ulangan
3. CSeorang berumur 30 tahun dengan sakit tekak selama dua hari dan suhu 38.0 °C
4. DSeorang berumur 60 tahun dengan tekanan dada, berpeluh dan loya selama 20 minit

Which pattern is typical of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis?

1. AA single stroke that leaves permanent weakness
2. BConstant weakness that starts in the feet and spreads upwards after a viral illness
3. CSudden severe headache with neck stiffness
4. DAttacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses

Pesakit dengan luka bakar 30% luas permukaan badan dimasukkan ke hospital. Komplikasi awal manakah yang paling membimbangkan dalam 24 jam pertama?

1. AUlser tekanan akibat tidak bergerak untuk tempoh lama
2. BKejutan hipovolemik akibat kehilangan cecair
3. CParut dan kontraktur
4. DSembelit

Why must a blue-top (citrate) coagulation tube be filled to the correct level?

1. AThe laboratory charges extra when a tube is not filled correctly
2. BThe blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
3. CUnderfilled tubes always give a falsely low hemoglobin and hematocrit
4. DAn overfull tube is needed to measure the potassium level

A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?

1. AGive a long-acting insulin dose to stabilize it
2. BGive a protein snack only and recheck tomorrow
3. CGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
4. DWait until the next meal before giving anything

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing
2. BGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster
3. CMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar
4. DMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly

A patient starting sertraline is taught about the drug. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"If I feel better after a week, I can stop taking it."
2. B"It may take a few weeks to feel the full effect."
3. C"I may have some nausea at first."
4. D"I will tell someone if I have thoughts of harming myself."

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. AStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
2. BShower as normal with the monitor on
3. CRemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
4. DKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
2. BKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles
3. CEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough
4. DWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing

Komplikasi hemodialisis manakah yang menyebabkan sakit kepala, loya, kegelisahan dan kadangkala sawan, terutamanya pada sesi pertama?

1. APeritonitis bakteria
2. BSindrom ketidakseimbangan dialisis
3. CHipoglisemia dialisat
4. DEmbolisme udara vena melalui talian

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. AUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
2. BAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
3. COverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
4. DNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely

Why is a pregnancy test often done before surgery in women who could be pregnant?

1. AAnaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
2. BIt is needed to calculate the anaesthetic drug dose
3. CPregnant women cannot sign consent forms
4. DPregnancy always makes surgery impossible

Pengurusan manakah yang pada amnya disyorkan untuk eskar hitam yang stabil, kering dan utuh pada tumit pesakit dengan peredaran darah yang lemah?

1. AMerendamnya dalam air setiap hari untuk melembutkannya
2. BMembiarkannya utuh, melegakan tekanan pada tumit dan merujuk untuk semakan
3. CMembuangnya dengan debridemen tajam di sisi katil hari ini
4. DMenutupnya dengan bebat mampatan yang ketat

During newborn resuscitation, what is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths?

1. A15 compressions to 2 breaths
2. B5 compressions to 1 breath
3. C3 compressions to 1 breath
4. D30 compressions to 2 breaths

A woman at 8 weeks takes valproate for epilepsy. She asks whether she should stop it. Which response is best?

1. AStop the drug today because it causes birth defects
2. BHalve the dose herself to reduce the risk to the baby
3. CDo not stop it suddenly; arrange urgent specialist review
4. DContinue as usual because epilepsy drugs are all safe in pregnancy

Langkah kejururawatan manakah yang paling membantu bayi dengan bronkiolitis?

1. AMenahan semua penyusuan sehingga bayi bertambah baik
2. BMembaringkan bayi meniarap rata untuk tidur supaya rembesan dapat mengalir keluar dari saluran udara
3. CSedutan hidung yang lembut sebelum penyusuan dan pemantauan hidrasi serta ketepuan oksigen
4. DAntibiotik rutin

Which complication is a leading cause of death from measles in children?

1. AOtitis media
2. BConjunctivitis
3. CPneumonia
4. DDiarrhoea

A 7-year-old with autism is admitted to a children's ward. Which nursing action is most helpful?

1. AAvoid his parents' advice, because staff know best how to care for him
2. BKeep to his usual routines where possible and prepare him for any changes
3. CPut him in a busy bay with lots of noise and activity to keep him stimulated
4. DChange his daily routine often, to help him get used to change

Three weeks after her husband died, a woman says she sometimes briefly hears him call her name at home. She is otherwise eating, sleeping and coping. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AIt is a sign of schizophrenia that needs antipsychotic medicine
2. BIt means she has delirium and needs urgent tests
3. CIt proves she has severe major depression with psychosis
4. DBrief experiences like this can be part of normal grief

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 103.1 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 12 mg/h. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mcg/min. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 19 kg dipreskripsikan 5 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Seorang pesakit seberat 112.2 lb. Preskripsi ialah 10 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 50 mg dalam 1 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 8 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 28 gtt/min melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Terdapat 400 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Pada 19:30, 250 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 5 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai kulit biru atau pucat di seluruh badan, tiada denyutan jantung, tiada respons terhadap rangsangan, anggota lembik tanpa tonus otot dan tidak bernafas. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah