Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?

1. ATo stop the patient getting used to the needle
2. BTo make the insulin work more quickly with each injection
3. CBecause each site can only be used once
4. DTo prevent lumpy fatty swelling that affects absorption

Bilakah teknik "bersih" (bukan steril) boleh diterima sebagai ganti teknik aseptik?

1. AUntuk prosedur yang tidak memasuki kawasan badan yang steril, seperti memberi ubat oral
2. BUntuk memasukkan kateter vena pusat
3. CUntuk membalut luka pembedahan baharu di dewan bedah, dengan syarat sarung tangan tidak steril dipakai sepanjang masa
4. DUntuk memasukkan kateter kencing

When should a nurse call the rapid response team?

1. AOnly when the patient’s family makes a complaint
2. BOnly when the provider has written an order for a rapid response call in the chart
3. COnly after a patient has had a cardiac or respiratory arrest on the ward
4. DWhen a patient shows an acute decline, such as new confusion or a sharp change in vital signs

A patient asks for a pain tablet. The record shows none has been given, but the patient says, “The other nurse gave me one earlier.” What should the nurse do?

1. ACheck with the other nurse and the records before giving another dose
2. BGive the tablet, because the record shows none was given
3. CTell the patient they must be confused
4. DGive half a tablet now, to be safe, and the other half later if needed

A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?

1. AWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
2. BBy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet
3. CWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
4. DBy resting it directly on a hard surface

A marathon runner is confused, with a temperature of 41 °C and hot skin. What is the priority?

1. AAsking the runner to rest in the shade and drink slowly
2. BWrapping the runner in a blanket to prevent shivering
3. CRapid cooling while supporting airway and circulation
4. DGiving an antipyretic tablet and waiting for it to work

After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the shoulder tip. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA heart attack caused by the stress of surgery
2. BGas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
3. CA broken collarbone from being moved onto the table
4. DAn allergic reaction to the dressing

Why should chronic hypernatraemia be corrected gradually?

1. ASlow correction is only needed in children
2. BLowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
3. CFast correction causes severe hyperkalaemia
4. DFast correction causes osmotic demyelination from swelling of the kidneys

Makmal menelefon wad dengan keputusan kritikal kalium 6.9 mEq/L. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. ABaca semula nilai itu, nilai pesakit dan maklumkan pembekal
2. BTunggu laporan bertulis tiba sebelum mengambil sebarang tindakan
3. CRekodkan nilai itu dan serahkan kepada syif seterusnya
4. DMinta makmal mengulang ujian sebelum memberitahu sesiapa

Dapatan manakah yang paling kuat mencadangkan bahawa kreatinin pesakit yang meningkat disebabkan oleh kecederaan buah pinggang akut dan bukan penyakit buah pinggang kronik yang lama?

1. APesakit telah mempunyai kreatinin tinggi selama bertahun-tahun
2. BKreatinin normal tiga hari lalu dan telah berganda sejak itu
3. CPesakit mempunyai buah pinggang yang kecil pada imbasan ultrabunyi
4. DPesakit mengalami anemia yang lama

Bagaimanakah perencat SGLT2 seperti empagliflozin menurunkan glukosa darah?

1. AIa menyebabkan hati menyimpan lebih banyak glikogen
2. BIa meningkatkan kehilangan glukosa dalam air kencing
3. CIa merangsang pembebasan insulin daripada sel beta
4. DIa memperlahankan pengosongan perut

On admission, a patient's home medicine list includes warfarin for atrial fibrillation, but warfarin is not on the admission orders. What should the nurse do?

1. AClarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)
2. BTell the patient to stop warfarin permanently
3. CAssume the omission is intended and do nothing
4. DGive the patient's own warfarin brought from home without an order

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. AStable angina
2. BPhaeochromocytoma
3. CAortic stenosis
4. DAsthma

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. AArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
2. BGive IV adenosine
3. CTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
4. DGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min

Which signs suggest rejection of a kidney transplant?

1. AA cough, wheeze and a runny nose with sneezing
2. BLess urine, a rising creatinine and a tender graft
3. CMore urine, a falling creatinine and weight loss
4. DA rash on the face after sun exposure

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
2. BThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention
3. CThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
4. DTamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes

How should a patient use an incentive spirometer after surgery?

1. ABreathe quickly in and out ten times in a row
2. BBlow out as hard and as fast as possible
3. CBreathe in slowly and deeply, then hold briefly
4. DUse it once a day, just before going to sleep at night

A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple dry skin
2. BOsteomyelitis
3. CVenous insufficiency
4. DA healing category 1 ulcer

A woman says she uses cannabis daily to manage nausea in pregnancy. What is the best nursing response?

1. ATell her that cannabis is a natural remedy and safe in pregnancy
2. BAdvise her to switch to tobacco instead
3. CExplain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
4. DRefuse to continue her care until she stops

Sejurus selepas epidural dimulakan, tekanan darah seorang wanita yang sedang bersalin jatuh kepada 86/50 mmHg dan kadar denyutan jantung janin menurun. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. ANaikkan kepala katil ke kedudukan duduk tinggi untuk memperbaik pernafasannya
2. BPusingkan dia mengiring untuk mengalihkan uterus daripada saluran darah besar
3. CMeningkatkan kadar infusi epidural
4. DMemintanya berjalan di sekeliling bilik

Which drink is best for a child with mild dehydration from gastroenteritis?

1. AUndiluted apple juice
2. BSports drinks
3. COral rehydration solution
4. DCola or other fizzy drinks

Seorang remaja perempuan berumur 15 tahun meminta jururawat merahsiakan aktiviti seksualnya daripada ibu bapanya. Tiada tanda penderaan atau risiko kemudaratan serius. Apakah tindak balas yang paling sesuai?

1. AEnggan membincangkannya sehingga ibu bapanya hadir
2. BMemberitahu ibu bapanya serta-merta
3. CBerjanji bahawa tiada apa yang dikatakannya akan dikongsi dengan sesiapa, apa pun yang didedahkannya pada masa hadapan
4. DMenghormati kerahsiaannya, memberi maklumat dan menerangkan bilakah maklumat perlu dikongsi

A patient at risk of suicide is admitted. Which environmental check is most important?

1. ARemove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
2. BPlace the patient in a room at the end of the corridor for privacy
3. CMake sure the patient has a television in the room
4. DLet the patient keep all his personal belongings, including his belt and phone charger, to help him feel at home

Sejurus selepas menerima haloperidol, kepala seorang pesakit terpusing ke satu sisi, matanya terpaku ke atas dan dia mengadu tekaknya terasa ketat. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AGalakkan dia meregangkan lehernya
2. BBeri satu lagi dos haloperidol
3. CMenenangkannya bahawa ini kebimbangan tentang ubat baharu dan biarkan dia berehat dengan tenang bersendirian
4. DDapatkan bantuan perubatan segera dan beri antikolinergik yang ditetapkan, sambil memerhatikan saluran udara

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 104.8 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 21:15 dan tamat pada 03:30 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit berberat 60 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 7.5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 3 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Preskripsi ialah 0.64 mg. Ampul mengandungi 1000 mikrogram setiap mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 10 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Sebuah beg mengandungi 1 g ubat dalam 250 mL. Arahannya ialah 4 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 13:00 dengan 75 mL/j. Selepas 4 jam kadar ditukar kepada 125 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 18/min, SpO₂ 91% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 110/66 mmHg, nadi 88/min, bertindak balas kepada kesakitan sahaja, suhu 37.1 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 91 kg dan setinggi 172 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III