Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Why is nail varnish or false nails often removed before surgery?

1. AThey make the anaesthetic work less well
2. BThey can catch fire from the electrical equipment used in theatre
3. CThey are a common cause of wound infection
4. DThey can affect pulse oximetry and checking skin colour

A patient opens their eyes only to pain, makes incomprehensible sounds and withdraws from a painful stimulus. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?

1. A11
2. B6
3. C9
4. D8

A patient on contact precautions must be taken to another department for a test. What is correct?

1. APut the patient in a separate elevator with the doors open
2. BCancel the test until the precautions are no longer needed, however urgent it is
3. CCover wounds, give the patient a clean gown and tell the receiving department
4. DHave the patient wear an N95 respirator during transport

Ten minutes into a red blood cell transfusion, the patient reports chills and low back pain and has a new fever. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASlow the transfusion and recheck vital signs in 15 minutes
2. BStop the transfusion
3. CGive an antipyretic and continue the transfusion
4. DCall the blood bank and let the transfusion continue

A patient uses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after surgery. Which statement by a family member shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will tell the nurse if she becomes very sleepy or hard to wake.”
2. B“The pump has limits set by the nurse so she cannot get too much at once.”
3. C“Only she should press the button when she needs pain relief.”
4. D“I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”

A patient has central chest pain that started 30 minutes ago at rest and has not eased with rest or nitroglycerin. What does this suggest?

1. AStable angina that will pass without treatment
2. BMuscle strain that needs a warm compress
3. CA possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
4. DIndigestion that is best treated with an antacid and a glass of milk

Which tool is commonly used at the bedside to screen for delirium?

1. AThe Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
2. BThe Braden scale
3. CThe Glasgow-Blatchford score
4. DThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

Several hours after thyroid surgery, a patient has increasing neck swelling, stridor and difficulty breathing. What is most likely?

1. ANormal postoperative swelling
2. BHypocalcaemia from parathyroid damage
3. CA haematoma compressing the airway
4. DA thyroid storm

For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?

1. AAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16.7–19.4 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3.3–4.4 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13.9–16.7 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
2. BOral glucose-lowering tablets
3. CLarge-volume IV fluid replacement
4. DStrict fluid restriction

After several years of levodopa treatment, which problem is common?

1. ASevere hypoglycaemia after each dose
2. BComplete and permanent loss of all Parkinson's symptoms
3. CDyskinesias and "on–off" fluctuations in response
4. DPermanent hearing loss

A man on long-term testosterone therapy has a rising haematocrit. Why is this important?

1. AIt is a sign of liver failure caused by testosterone
2. BIt means the testosterone dose is too low
3. CTestosterone raises red cell production, increasing clot risk
4. DA high haematocrit shows that the testosterone is not being absorbed

Mengapakah nitrat digunakan dengan sangat berhati-hati dalam infarksi ventrikel kanan?

1. ANitrat menyebabkan infarksi merebak ke ventrikel kiri
2. BNitrat menyebabkan hiperkalemia yang berbahaya dalam jenis infarksi ini
3. CVentrikel kanan bergantung pada prabeban, jadi tekanan darah boleh jatuh mendadak
4. DNitrat tidak diserap apabila ventrikel kanan terjejas

A patient has been on continuous NIV via a full-face mask for two days. Which nursing measure helps prevent the most common complication?

1. AUse the same mask size for every patient
2. BCheck mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
3. CRemove the mask for an hour each time the alarm sounds
4. DTighten the straps as far as they will go to stop any leak

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. AHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
2. BNerve damage can blunt the pain signals
3. CPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
4. DInsulin acts as a strong painkiller

Which statement correctly distinguishes spinal shock from neurogenic shock?

1. ANeurogenic shock is caused by blood loss; spinal shock is caused by infection
2. BThey are two names for exactly the same condition
3. CSpinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse
4. DSpinal shock is low blood pressure; neurogenic shock is the loss of reflexes

Skor manakah yang digunakan untuk menilai risiko dalam pendarahan GI atas sebelum endoskopi?

1. ASkor Wells untuk DVT
2. BSkor Glasgow-Blatchford
3. CSkala Koma Glasgow
4. DSkor risiko ulser tekanan Waterlow

On day 3 after admission, a patient with alcohol dependence becomes confused, with hallucinations, sweating, tremor, fever and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to hospital food
2. BDelirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal
3. CHepatitis A caught on the ward
4. DNormal anxiety about being in hospital

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has been vomiting for weeks. Which vitamin is given before glucose-containing fluids to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy?

1. AVitamin D
2. BThiamine (vitamin B1)
3. CPhytomenadione (vitamin K)
4. DAscorbic acid (vitamin C)

Which statement by a woman in early labour shows a need for further teaching about pain relief?

1. A"Changing position often and walking can help me cope."
2. B"Breathing slowly and focusing can help between contractions."
3. C"If I have an epidural, I will not need my blood pressure checked."
4. D"A warm bath or shower may ease the pain."

How should an infant with heart failure be fed?

1. ALarge feeds every 6 hours so the baby can rest in between
2. BSmall, frequent feeds with rest breaks, using higher-energy milk if prescribed
3. CStop the feed when the baby tires and wait until the next scheduled feed
4. DLying flat on the back so the baby does not need to hold the head up

A baby born at 27 weeks has grunting, chest retractions and rising oxygen needs. Which treatment directly addresses the cause?

1. AOral glucose gel rubbed into the gums
2. BPhototherapy
3. CSurfactant given into the trachea
4. DIV antibiotics for 7 days

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should a nurse on a mental health ward address first?

1. AA patient who wants to improve her self-esteem
2. BA patient who feels lonely and wants more visitors
3. CA patient who wants to find a new hobby
4. DA patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days

Seorang pesakit pembedahan berumur 80 tahun menjadi keliru semalaman, dengan perhatian yang berubah-ubah dan menarik talian IVnya. Dia berorientasi baik semasa kemasukan. Apakah tafsiran yang paling sesuai?

1. AKemungkinan delirium: cari punca fizikal yang mendasari dan maklumkan pasukan
2. BPerkembangan pantas demensia yang tidak boleh dirawat, maka tiada ujian lanjut diperlukan
3. CPenuaan normal yang tidak memerlukan tindakan
4. DTingkah laku buruk yang memerlukan kekangan serta-merta

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 5 lb 7 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 18:45 dan tamat pada 08:10 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit berberat 90 kg dan dipreskripsikan 7.5 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal. Cari dos D dalam mg.

Satu infusi mengandungi 40000 unit ubat dalam 500 mL. Preskripsi ialah 1500 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 6 jam. Selepas 3 jam anda mendapati 580 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

Satu beg mengandungi 1000 mg ubat dalam 100 mL dan berjalan pada 30 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 89 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 19:30 dengan 150 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 60 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: terhad sepenuhnya; kelembapan: jarang lembap; aktiviti: terhad pada kerusi; mobiliti: sangat terhad; pemakanan: mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: potensi masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 20/min, SpO₂ 96% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 88/52 mmHg, nadi 64/min, sedar, suhu 37.2 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi