Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Which nursing record entry is the best example of objective documentation?

1. A"Ate well, as usual."
2. B"Seemed to enjoy the meal."
3. C"Had a good appetite today and enjoyed lunch."
4. D"Ate half of lunch; drank 200 mL of water."

What is the best way to check that a patient has learned to use an inhaler correctly?

1. AAsk whether they have read the leaflet
2. BAsk whether they have any questions
3. CAsk them to repeat the drug's name
4. DAsk the patient to show how they use it

A parent says, “I tell my son his medicine is candy so he takes it.” What should the nurse teach?

1. AIt is fine as long as the medicine is kept in the fridge
2. BIt only matters for medicines that taste bitter or are hard to swallow
3. CDo not call medicine candy, because the child may take it when no one is watching
4. DThis is a good idea and makes giving medicine easier

Ten minutes into a red blood cell transfusion, the patient reports chills and low back pain and has a new fever. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the transfusion
2. BSlow the transfusion and recheck vital signs in 15 minutes
3. CGive an antipyretic and continue the transfusion
4. DCall the blood bank and let the transfusion continue

A nursing assistant tells the RN that a patient’s IV pump is alarming. What is the best response?

1. A“I will come and check the pump and the IV site now.”
2. B“Silence the alarm and I will check it at the end of the shift.”
3. C“Turn the pump off and on again until it stops.”
4. D“Increase the rate a little so the alarm clears.”

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and confused, and no glucose meter is available. The patient can swallow. What should the nurse do?

1. ATreat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
2. BGive a dose of rapid-acting insulin in case the glucose is high
3. CAsk the patient to lie down and sleep it off
4. DWithhold all food and fluids until a meter is found

Which rule is essential for safe use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?

1. AOnly the patient should press the button
2. BThe nurse should press it every hour
3. CThe button should be pressed before each meal
4. DRelatives should press it while the patient sleeps

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. ADelirium is permanent, while dementia is reversible
2. BDelirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
3. CDelirium only affects people under 50, while dementia affects older people
4. DDementia always causes visual hallucinations

A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?

1. ABlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
2. BSerum calcium, because it falls sharply
3. CHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss
4. DSerum sodium, because it rises quickly

A patient receiving parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsion has a triglyceride level of 620 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Why is this result important?

1. AIt means the patient needs more lipid
2. BIt shows the nutrition is fully effective
3. CIt is a normal fasting value for adults
4. DIt raises the risk of acute pancreatitis

Pesakit mengalami gangguan buah pinggang teruk. Satu ubat terutamanya dirembeskan tanpa berubah dalam air kencing. Apakah pelarasan biasa?

1. ATingkatkan dos untuk menampung penyerapan yang lemah
2. BBeri ubat secara oral dan bukannya intravena
3. CTiada perubahan diperlukan, kerana hati mengambil alih
4. DKurangkan dos atau panjangkan selang pemberian dos

A patient taking long-term morphine for cancer pain becomes very sedated with slow breathing. Why is naloxone given in small, diluted doses?

1. ABecause naloxone is much more potent and toxic in patients with cancer
2. BBecause naloxone is toxic to the liver in large doses
3. CTo restore breathing without causing severe withdrawal and pain
4. DTo make the effect of naloxone last longer than morphine

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
2. BIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own
3. CIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
4. DIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
2. BStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
3. CStopping now will make the operation more dangerous
4. DSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. ASugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
2. BWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
3. CWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
4. DSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger

Seorang pesakit CKD mempunyai hemoglobin 92 g/L dan memulakan agen perangsang eritropoiesis (ESA). Apakah yang patut dipantau oleh jururawat?

1. ATekanan darah dan hemoglobin, kerana peningkatan berlebihan menaikkan risiko bekuan
2. BEnzim hati, kerana ESA toksik kepada hati
3. CGlukosa darah, kerana ESA sering menyebabkan hipoglisemia
4. DPendengaran, kerana ESA boleh merosakkan telinga dalam

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
2. BDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
3. CStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

Which new prescription for a patient with cirrhosis should the nurse question?

1. ALactulose to keep the bowels open
2. BRegular ibuprofen for back pain
3. CSpironolactone for ascites
4. DThiamine supplements

In fetal circulation, what is the function of the foramen ovale?

1. AIt shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium
2. BIt carries blood from the aorta back to the placenta
3. CIt lets blood from the umbilical vein bypass the liver
4. DIt carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

On abdominal palpation, the nurse feels a hard, round, movable mass in the fundus, and the fetal heart is heard above the umbilicus. What does this suggest?

1. AAn occiput posterior position
2. BA breech presentation
3. CA cephalic presentation
4. DA transverse lie with the head in the pelvis

A child with type 1 diabetes is unconscious from hypoglycaemia at school. What should be done?

1. AGive glucagon and call emergency services
2. BLet the child sleep and check again in an hour
3. CGive the child's usual dose of insulin
4. DGive a glass of orange juice by mouth

Why does a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis need regular eye examinations?

1. AEye checks are only needed if the child already wears glasses for short sight
2. BArthritis drugs always cause cataracts within a year
3. CUveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
4. DThe joints of the eye socket are affected by arthritis

How does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder differ from obsessive-compulsive disorder?

1. AIt is a lasting pattern of perfectionism and control without true obsessions and compulsions
2. BIt always involves repeated hand washing and checking rituals
3. CIt starts suddenly in later life after a stressful event and goes away on its own within a few months
4. DPeople with it always feel that their behaviour is senseless and unwanted

A woman with PTSD after a sexual assault by a man becomes distressed when a male nurse is assigned to her. What is the most appropriate response?

1. ATell her that she must learn to face her fears
2. BLeave her without a named nurse until she calms down
3. CAssign a female nurse where possible and explain her care plan to her
4. DInsist that she accept the male nurse, as all staff are professional

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan dos untuk suntikan kecil memberikan 0.55157 mL. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah isi padu di bawah 1 mL dibundarkan kepada perseratus mL yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi ½ tbsp ampaian oral dua kali sehari selama 10 hari. Dengan menggunakan 1 tbsp = 15 mL, berapa mL V yang diperlukan untuk seluruh kursus rawatan?

Seorang pesakit berberat 60 kg dan dipreskripsikan 15 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal. Cari dos D dalam mg.

Seorang pesakit setinggi 111 cm dan seberat 28 kg. Preskripsi ialah 50 mg/m². Dengan menggunakan formula Mosteller BSA = √(tinggi (cm) × berat (kg)/3600), cari dos D dalam mg.

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 90 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 20 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Terdapat 400 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 20:00 dengan 150 mL/j. Selepas 4 jam kadar ditukar kepada 125 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 46 kg dan setinggi 159 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III