Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

When using a metered-dose inhaler without a spacer, what should the patient do straight after inhaling the dose?

1. ARinse the mouth before breathing in
2. BHold their breath for about 10 seconds
3. CBreathe out hard through the mouthpiece
4. DTake another dose at once without pausing

Pesakit dewasa tidak berkeupayaan memutuskan tentang rawatan dan tiada keputusan awal (advance decision). Bagaimanakah keputusan patut dibuat (England dan Wales)?

1. ADengan menunggu selama-lamanya sehingga pesakit pulih keupayaannya, walau betapa mendesak atau seriusnya keperluan rawatan
2. BOleh jururawat seorang diri, tanpa melibatkan orang lain
3. CMenurut kepentingan terbaik pesakit, dengan mengambil kira hasrat lampaunya dan berunding dengan orang rapat
4. DMengikut apa yang paling murah untuk hospital

A nurse finds an unlabeled syringe of clear fluid on the medication counter. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk nearby staff and use it if someone recognizes it
2. BDiscard it, because its contents cannot be confirmed
3. CGive it to the patient whose medication is due
4. DLabel it with the most likely drug name

A patient on long-term high-dose corticosteroids asks for the nasal spray influenza vaccine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AEither type is fine, as long as it is given in the morning
2. BThe nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
3. CPeople on steroids should never have any influenza vaccine
4. DThe nasal spray is the best choice for people on steroids, because it is not injected

A nurse teaches a patient who uses home oxygen. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will keep the oxygen away from the gas stove.”
2. B“My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
3. C“I will not use oil-based creams on my face.”
4. D“I will put up no-smoking signs at the front door and in my room.”

Four stable patients need routine morning care. To reduce the spread of infection, which patient should the nurse visit first?

1. AA patient with influenza on droplet precautions
2. BA patient with an MRSA wound infection
3. CA patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
4. DA patient with C. difficile diarrhea

Abdomen pesakit keras seperti papan, dan mereka berbaring sangat diam kerana pergerakan memburukkan sakit. Apakah yang dicadangkan oleh ini?

1. APeritonitis
2. BSembelit
3. CJangkitan saluran kencing
4. DSenak

A patient with known prostate cancer reports new back pain, leg weakness and difficulty passing urine. What should be suspected?

1. AA urinary tract infection spreading to the back
2. BSimple mechanical back pain
3. CHypokalaemia
4. DMetastatic spinal cord compression

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2.0–3.0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. AThe same, 2.0–3.0
2. BMuch higher, about 5.0–6.0
3. CLower, about 1.0–1.5
4. DHigher, about 2.5–3.5

A patient's bedside glucose meter shows "HI" (above its measuring range). The patient is drowsy. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord "HI" and repeat the meter test at the next scheduled time
2. BSend a venous sample to the lab and inform the provider at once
3. CGive oral glucose in case the reading is wrong and the patient is low
4. DAssume the meter is broken and give the usual insulin dose

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
2. BAs a slow infusion over one hour
3. CAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
4. DAs a tablet under the tongue

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3.1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. AInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
3. CLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
4. DPotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo replace a damaged heart valve
2. BTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
3. CTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
4. DTo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. APEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
2. BPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
3. CPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
4. DHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. AOnly present after reading for a long time
2. BBetter in the morning and worse with stress
3. CWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
4. DA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest

A patient on haemodialysis is on a medical ward. Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding which morning medicines to hold
2. BAssessing the thrill and bruit of the fistula
3. CTeaching the patient about fluid restriction
4. DWeighing the patient before they go to dialysis

Which check is routinely made for a patient with a burn wound?

1. AVisual acuity in both eyes
2. BMeasles vaccination status
3. CBlood group of the next of kin
4. DTetanus immunisation status

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
2. BIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
3. CIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
4. DIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more

A woman in late pregnancy has numbness and tingling in her thumb and first fingers, worse at night. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA stroke caused by pre-eclampsia
2. BCarpal tunnel syndrome
3. CLow blood calcium
4. DVitamin K deficiency

Over the last hour, a labour tracing shows variable decelerations that are becoming deeper and longer, a baseline rising from 135 to 165 bpm and falling variability. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AA normal fetal sleep cycle; recheck in an hour
2. BBenign head compression; continue routine monitoring
3. CA sign of fetal well-being; no action is needed
4. DEvolving fetal hypoxia; escalate for urgent obstetric review

Kanak-kanak manakah yang umumnya tidak patut menerima vaksin hidup seperti MMR?

1. AKanak-kanak yang adik-beradiknya mengalami selsema
2. BKanak-kanak yang sedang mengambil antibiotik oral untuk jangkitan telinga yang tidak rumit
3. CKanak-kanak dengan selsema ringan
4. DKanak-kanak dengan penekanan imun yang teruk, contohnya semasa kemoterapi

Why does a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis need regular eye examinations?

1. AThe joints of the eye socket are affected by arthritis
2. BArthritis drugs always cause cataracts within a year
3. CUveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
4. DEye checks are only needed if the child already wears glasses for short sight

Seorang pesakit menggunakan perkataan "glimpotrance" dan menerangkan bahawa ia bermaksud daya yang mengawal fikirannya. Apakah ini?

1. AAsosiasi bunyi (clang association)
2. BNeologisme
3. CEkolalia
4. DSirkumstansialiti

A woman arrives in the emergency department after a sexual assault and has a cut on her head that is bleeding. What is the priority?

1. ACollect forensic evidence before treating any injuries
2. BAssess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
3. CCall the police and wait until they arrive before doing anything else, so that no evidence is lost by mistake
4. DAsk her for a detailed account of the assault before any care

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 5 kaki 4 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 3 tsp daripada sirap batuk, ¾ cawan daripada teh, 8 fl oz daripada jus. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit seberat 82 kg mempunyai luas permukaan badan 1.79 m². Preskripsi ialah 20 mg/m². Cari dos D dalam mg.

Satu infusi mengandungi 40000 unit ubat dalam 500 mL. Preskripsi ialah 1200 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 3 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 25 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Terdapat 300 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 49 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 80 mL/j. Pada 11:00, 650 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: tiada, rehat di katil atau dibantu jururawat; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sangat terhad; kelembapan: sentiasa lembap; aktiviti: terhad pada kerusi; mobiliti: tidak bergerak sepenuhnya; pemakanan: mungkin tidak mencukupi; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Gunakan jalur 19–23 tiada risiko, 15–18 ringan, 13–14 sederhana, 10–12 tinggi dan 9 atau kurang sangat tinggi. Klik tahap risikonya.

1. 1tiada risiko
2. 2risiko ringan
3. 3risiko sederhana
4. 4risiko tinggi
5. 5risiko sangat tinggi