Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Teaching a patient how to inject insulin mainly involves which domain of learning?

1. ACognitive
2. BAffective
3. CSpiritual
4. DPsychomotor

What is the best way to check that a patient has learned to use an inhaler correctly?

1. AAsk them to repeat the drug's name
2. BAsk the patient to show how they use it
3. CAsk whether they have read the leaflet
4. DAsk whether they have any questions

A patient receiving continuous nasogastric feeding has pulled the tube partly out. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the feeding until the tube position is checked
2. BPush the tube back in and restart the feed
3. CTape the tube in its new position and continue
4. DIncrease the feed rate to make up for the lost time

The laboratory reports that a blood sample labeled with one patient’s name has a blood group different from that patient’s previous result. What is the most likely problem and response?

1. AA laboratory machine fault, so no action is needed
2. BThe previous result was wrong, so it is deleted
3. CA wrong-patient sample, so the test is repeated and the event reported
4. DA normal change in the patient’s blood group over the years since the last test

An Rh-negative mother has just given birth to an Rh-positive baby. What does the nurse expect to give the mother?

1. AVitamin K to the mother
2. BRh immunoglobulin within 72 hours
3. CNo treatment is needed
4. DA dose of the hepatitis B vaccine instead

An RN has five patients and a nursing assistant. One patient has just become short of breath. Which task should the RN delegate so that the RN can go to that patient?

1. AMorning vital signs on the four stable patients
2. BAssessing the breathless patient’s lung sounds
3. CGiving the breathless patient’s IV furosemide
4. DExplaining the new diagnosis to the breathless patient’s family

Pemerhatian manakah yang paling penting selepas memberi pesakit dos pertama antibiotik baharu secara intravena?

1. ASama ada keguguran rambutnya bertambah
2. BTanda tindak balas alahan seperti ruam, berdehit atau bengkak
3. CSeleranya pada hidangan seterusnya
4. DBerapa banyak dia berjalan pada hari itu

The fluid in an underwater seal chest drain has stopped swinging with breathing. What could this mean?

1. AThe patient's breathing has become normal and the drain can be pulled out by the nurse
2. BThe tube may be kinked or blocked, or the lung may have fully re-expanded
3. CThe water seal has been set up correctly for the first time
4. DThe drain is working perfectly and needs no checks

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
2. BGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
3. CGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
4. DA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose

Seorang pesakit dengan infusi insulin IV mempunyai glukosa darah 65 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Apakah tindakan terbaik?

1. AIkut protokol untuk glukosa rendah dan maklumkan pembekal
2. BBeri kalium oral untuk melindungi jantung
3. CTeruskan pada kadar yang sama dan semak semula dalam empat jam
4. DHentikan infusi dan tinggalkan pemeriksaan semula glukosa sehingga pagi

Which blood test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?

1. APlatelet count
2. BSerum albumin
3. CINR (prothrombin time)
4. DActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

A patient has SIADH with mild hyponatraemia and no neurological symptoms. What is usually the first-line treatment?

1. AA rapid bolus of hypertonic saline
2. BDesmopressin
3. CLarge volumes of IV glucose 5%
4. DFluid restriction

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ARub the fingers hard with snow during an attack
2. BTake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
3. CKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
4. DSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ADocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
2. BTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
3. CRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
4. DGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from

Corak elektrolit manakah yang tipikal bagi penyakit Addison?

1. ANatrium rendah dan kalium tinggi
2. BKalium rendah dan glukosa rendah
3. CNatrium tinggi dan kalium rendah
4. DKalsium tinggi dan fosfat rendah

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
2. BThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
3. CThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
4. DFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises

Apakah itu ileus paralitik?

1. ASekatan lumen usus oleh tumor
2. BKehilangan pergerakan usus tanpa sekatan fizikal
3. CJangkitan pada dinding usus dengan demam
4. DPuntiran pada usus besar yang menghalang bekalan darahnya

A patient is splashed in the eye with an alkaline cleaning product. What is the first action?

1. AAsk the patient to rub the eye to clear it
2. BCover the eye with a pad and wait for a doctor to examine it first
3. CAdd a few drops of vinegar to neutralise it
4. DIrrigate the eye at once with large volumes of water or saline

A woman who has had a caesarean asks when she can drive again. Which answer is most accurate?

1. AThe same day she is discharged
2. BOnly after her stitches are removed by a doctor
3. CNever before 6 months
4. DWhen she can brake hard without pain

Seorang wanita baru didiagnosis dengan diabetes gestasi pada 26 minggu. Apakah langkah pertama pengurusan yang lazim?

1. ATiada susulan diperlukan sehingga selepas kelahiran
2. BMemulakan insulin atau sulfonilurea oral serta-merta untuk setiap wanita, apa pun bacaan glukosa darahnya
3. CNasihat pemakanan, aktiviti fizikal dan pemantauan glukosa darah, dengan ubat jika sasaran tidak dicapai
4. DBerhenti makan semua karbohidrat

A child's asthma action plan shows he is in the yellow zone. What should he do?

1. AUse the reliever as the plan says and contact the doctor if it does not help
2. BStop all medicines and wait to see if the symptoms pass
3. CDouble the preventer dose and do nothing else
4. DGo straight to the emergency department without using any medicine first

Which finding helps to distinguish epiglottitis from croup?

1. AA barking cough that is worse at night after a cold
2. BDrooling, high fever and a toxic look, without a barking cough
3. CSymptoms that improve within hours after a single dose of oral corticosteroid
4. DA hoarse voice with mild fever and a runny nose

Seorang berumur 19 tahun baru memulakan antidepresan. Apakah yang patut dipantau dengan teliti oleh jururawat pada minggu-minggu pertama?

1. AKeguguran rambut
2. BPertambahan berat badan yang pantas
3. CPerubahan warna mata
4. DFikiran atau tingkah laku membunuh diri yang baharu atau bertambah teruk

Verbal de-escalation has failed, and a patient picks up a chair and threatens to throw it at the nurse. What should the nurse do first?

1. AKeep a safe distance, call for help and avoid trying to take the chair alone
2. BTurn her back and walk away slowly without saying anything
3. CShout loudly at the patient to put the chair down at once, so that he knows the nurse is in charge
4. DGrab the chair from the patient quickly before he can use it

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan dos untuk suntikan memberikan 10.6827 mL. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah isi padu 1 mL atau lebih dibundarkan kepada persepuluh mL yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 5 mcg/min. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mg/h.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 8 kg dipreskripsikan 5 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Satu infusi mengandungi 20000 unit ubat dalam 1000 mL. Preskripsi ialah 1500 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 5 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu infusi 200 mg dalam 250 mL berjalan pada 10 mL/j. Berapa mikrogram seminit D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 11:30 dengan 80 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 60 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit mempunyai nadi 148/min dan tekanan darah 163/98 mmHg. Cari indeks kejutan SI = HR/SBP. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi