Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Why might a nurse use silence during a conversation with a patient?

1. AIt ends the conversation politely
2. BIt gives the patient time to think and say more
3. CIt lets the nurse plan the next task
4. DIt shows the patient that the nurse is busy and wants to move on

A patient has a temperature of 38.7 °C and a white cell count of 18 × 10⁹/L (18,000/mm³). What do these findings most suggest?

1. ADehydration only
2. BA normal post-meal result
3. CA low risk of infection because the count is high
4. DAn infection or significant inflammation

Hair must be removed from a planned surgical site. Which method reduces the risk of surgical site infection?

1. AShaving with a razor just before the incision
2. BClipping with electric clippers just before surgery
3. CShaving with a disposable razor the night before surgery
4. DUsing wax strips on the morning of surgery

A nurse teaches the daughter of a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“She wears an ID bracelet in case she gets lost.”
2. B“I let Mom cook alone on the gas stove because she enjoys it.”
3. C“We put locks high up on the outside doors.”
4. D“I keep her medicines locked away and give each dose to her myself.”

Seorang pesakit yang baru diberitahu dia menghidap kanser menangis, tetapi juga telah muntah beberapa kali dan tidak dapat menahan cecair. Apakah yang ditangani dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AMenghubungi pendeta hospital
2. BMuntah dan kehilangan cecair
3. CPengajaran tentang kemoterapi
4. DSokongan emosi tentang diagnosis

Which nursing approach may raise intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury?

1. AKeeping the head in line with the body
2. BDoing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
3. CKeeping the room calm and quiet
4. DSpacing out care with rest periods in between activities

Why is an urgent brain scan needed before thrombolysis for a suspected stroke?

1. ATo confirm the patient's age
2. BTo check for brain tumours only
3. CTo measure the size of the ventricles
4. DTo rule out bleeding in the brain

Seorang pesakit kecederaan kepala menunjukkan tekanan darah meningkat, kadar jantung menurun dan pernafasan tidak teratur. Ini mencadangkan:

1. AKejutan hipovolemik akibat pendarahan dalaman tersembunyi
2. BTekanan intrakranial meningkat (triad Cushing)
3. CSepsis
4. DSerangan panik

A 55-year-old has a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) during routine screening. What is the usual next step?

1. ARepeat the test in 10 years
2. BReferral for colonoscopy
3. CStart an iron supplement only
4. DNo action if there are no symptoms

Empat keputusan makmal tiba. Yang manakah patut ditangani dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. ANatrium 137 mEq/L pada pesakit yang dimasukkan dengan pneumonia semalam
2. BGlukosa 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) selepas makan pada pesakit diabetes
3. CKalium 6.6 mEq/L pada pesakit CKD yang mengalami kelemahan otot baharu
4. DHemoglobin 11.8 g/dL (118 g/L) pada pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
2. BGive intramuscular glucagon at once
3. CGive the next scheduled dose of insulin
4. DGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3.1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. AInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
2. BLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
3. CInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
4. DPotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AOral digoxin
2. BIntravenous adenosine
3. CIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus
4. DIntravenous magnesium sulfate

A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
2. BAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
3. CBack pain causing kidney damage
4. DAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA diet very high in caffeine for energy
2. BA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA strict low-protein diet

Semasa infusi alteplas untuk strok, pesakit mengalami sakit kepala teruk, muntah dan GCS yang menurun. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMemberikan sedatif untuk menenangkan pesakit dan meneruskan
2. BMemberikan antiemetik dan menyemak semula GCS dalam sejam
3. CMenghentikan infusi dan memanggil pasukan strok dengan segera
4. DMempercepatkan infusi supaya ia tamat lebih awal

Which check is routinely made for a patient with a burn wound?

1. AMeasles vaccination status
2. BVisual acuity in both eyes
3. CBlood group of the next of kin
4. DTetanus immunisation status

A patient with facial burns from a house fire was talking normally on arrival. Two hours later, the voice is hoarse and there is stridor. What should the nurse do?

1. ACall for urgent anaesthetic help, as the airway is swelling
2. BGive a warm drink to soothe the throat
3. CLay the patient flat to help them sleep
4. DEncourage the patient to rest the voice and reassess tomorrow

Which is a common sign of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy?

1. AIncreased appetite and frequent urination
2. BWeight gain and ankle swelling
3. CHigh blood pressure and headache
4. DTiredness, pallor and breathlessness

A newborn passed no meconium by 48 hours and has a swollen abdomen and green vomiting. Which condition should be suspected?

1. ADevelopmental hip dysplasia
2. BErythema toxicum
3. CPhysiological jaundice
4. DHirschsprung disease

Sebelum pembedahan untuk mielomeningokel, bagaimanakah kantung bayi baru lahir patut dilindungi?

1. ABiarkan terdedah supaya kering
2. BLetakkan pembalut kering yang ketat
3. CTutup dengan pembalut steril, lembap dan tidak melekat serta letakkan bayi dalam kedudukan meniarap
4. DBaringkan bayi telentang dengan cincin lembut mengelilingi kantung untuk menyokongnya pada tilam

A 25 kg child needs maintenance IV fluids. Using the 100–50–20 rule, what is the hourly rate?

1. AAbout 25 mL per hour
2. BAbout 50 mL per hour
3. CAbout 67 mL per hour
4. DAbout 104 mL per hour

Mengapakah antidepresan trisiklik amat berbahaya dalam dos berlebihan?

1. AIa hanya menyebabkan mengantuk ringan
2. BIa menurunkan tekanan darah sedikit sahaja dan jarang memerlukan rawatan
3. CIa boleh menyebabkan aritmia jantung dan sawan yang membawa maut
4. DIa tiada kesan dalam dos berlebihan

Seorang pesakit ditemui tidak responsif dengan kadar pernafasan 6/min dan anak mata sebesar hujung jarum. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. ABeri flumazenil
2. BBeri segelas besar air
3. CLetakkan pesakit dalam kedudukan pemulihan dan tunggu pesakit sedar secara semula jadi sebelum memanggil sesiapa
4. DMinta bantuan, buka saluran udara dan sokong pernafasan, dan beri nalokson seperti yang ditetapkan atau mengikut protokol

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 2:15 AM. Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 101:15
2. 202:15
3. 314:15
4. 403:15

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 23:45 dan tamat pada 04:50 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa jam t ia berjalan? Berikan jawapan dalam jam sebagai perpuluhan, dibundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 29 kg dipreskripsikan 2 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 10 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Anda perlu menyediakan 500 mL larutan 0.5% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 20% (w/v). Berapakah isi padu stok V₁ yang anda perlukan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 3 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 500 mg ubat dalam 100 mL dan berjalan pada 30 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 11:00 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 16:30?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tiada, rehat di katil atau dibantu jururawat; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pasukan menyasarkan tekanan arteri purata sekurang-kurangnya 65 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik pesakit ialah 97 mmHg. Dengan menggunakan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, apakah tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberikan MAP 65 mmHg?