Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Why should a patient wash and dry their hands before a fingerprick glucose test?

1. AIt is only needed if the hands look dirty
2. BClean hands make the finger bleed more slowly
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DWet hands give a falsely high reading

A patient with capacity tells the nurse they do not want the operation their family keeps pushing for. What is the nurse's best action?

1. ASupport the patient to tell the team their wishes
2. BLet the family decide, as they know the patient best
3. CSay nothing to avoid a conflict with the family
4. DTell the patient to follow the family's advice

Which drugs are used as antidotes for nerve agent poisoning?

1. AAcetylcysteine and charcoal
2. BNaloxone and flumazenil
3. CAtropine and pralidoxime
4. DVitamin K and protamine

Seorang jururawat melihat rakan sekerja berpindah dari seorang pesakit ke pesakit seterusnya tanpa kebersihan tangan. Apakah tindakan terbaik?

1. AMengingatkan rakan sekerja itu dengan sopan serta-merta
2. BTidak berkata apa-apa, untuk mengelakkan konflik dalam pasukan
3. CMenunggu untuk melihat sama ada rakan sekerja melakukannya lagi lain kali
4. DMelaporkannya secara tanpa nama kepada pengurus sebulan kemudian

An older adult asks for something to help them sleep. Which drug is most likely to cause confusion and falls in this age group?

1. AAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
2. BDiphenhydramine
3. CA warm milky drink
4. DMelatonin

A nurse sees a colleague put a vial of an opioid into their own pocket instead of returning it. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patients to watch the colleague carefully
2. BReport it to the nurse manager according to policy
3. CAsk the colleague to share the vial with them
4. DSay nothing, because it is not their business

Pemindahan darah hampir bermula. Apakah semakan keselamatan yang paling penting?

1. AMenghangatkan semua darah dalam ketuhar gelombang mikro
2. BPengenalpastian positif pesakit yang dipadankan dengan komponen darah di sisi katil
3. CMenyemak berat pesakit sahaja
4. DMenyemak keutamaan pemakanan pesakit

Seorang pesakit dengan trakeostomi tiba-tiba tidak dapat bernafas dan tiub kelihatan tersumbat. Apakah tindakan pertama?

1. ATunggu doktor sebelum melakukan apa-apa
2. BBeri oksigen melalui mulut sahaja
3. CKeluarkan tiub dalam (kanula) dan periksa sama ada ia tersumbat
4. DKempiskan kaf dan tinggalkan pesakit

Nilai makmal manakah yang paling baik menggambarkan punca kekeliruan pada pesakit dengan penyakit hati yang teruk dan getaran mengibas?

1. ATroponin yang meningkat
2. BAmmonia serum yang meningkat
3. CLipase serum yang rendah
4. DKalium serum rendah sahaja

Palung vankomisin seorang pesakit ialah 28 mcg/mL; sasaran yang ditetapkan pemreskripsi ialah 15–20 mcg/mL. Dos seterusnya perlu diberi sekarang. Apakah tindakan terbaik?

1. ABeri dos berganda untuk menamatkan kursus dengan lebih cepat
2. BBeri dos dalam tempoh yang lebih singkat untuk mengurangkan pendedahan
3. CBeri dos seperti dijadualkan dan semak semula paras palung dalam seminggu
4. DTahan dos, maklumkan pemreskripsi dan periksa fungsi buah pinggang

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

1. AAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer
2. BOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
3. CAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
4. DOnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level

Sifat manakah yang menjadikan ubat lebih berkemungkinan merentasi sawar darah–otak?

1. ABerat molekul besar dan pengikatan protein yang kuat
2. BKeterlarutan air yang tinggi dan pengionan yang kuat
3. CCas positif pada pH fisiologi
4. DKeterlarutan lipid yang tinggi dan saiz kecil

A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?

1. AWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
2. BWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus
3. CSitting fully upright at all times
4. DFlat on the back with the arms raised

A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
2. BWhether a fourth drug can be added at today's appointment
3. CWhether the readings should be ignored
4. DWhether the patient needs surgery on the renal arteries

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
2. BProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
3. CSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
4. DGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid

Why may nitrofurantoin be avoided in an older patient with significantly reduced kidney function?

1. AIt cures kidney disease too quickly
2. BIt cannot be taken with food in kidney disease
3. CIt turns the urine red in kidney disease
4. DIt works less well and is more likely to be toxic

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
2. BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
3. CThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
4. DPreventing nausea works better than treating it later

Four patients are on a gastroenterology ward. Which should the nurse see first?

1. AA patient with stable ulcerative colitis asking about diet
2. BA patient with cirrhosis who is newly confused and drowsy
3. CA patient with GORD who wants an antacid
4. DA patient with an ileostomy waiting to change the pouch

Bilakah imbasan lutsinar tengkuk (nuchal translucency) untuk saringan trimester pertama biasanya dilakukan?

1. APada kira-kira 18 hingga 22 minggu
2. BPada kira-kira 28 hingga 32 minggu
3. CPada kira-kira 6 hingga 8 minggu
4. DPada kira-kira 11 hingga 14 minggu

A pregnant woman with chronic hypertension takes lisinopril. Why should the nurse alert the prescriber?

1. ALisinopril will cause her blood pressure to rise in pregnancy
2. BLisinopril is the first-choice antihypertensive in pregnancy
3. CACE inhibitors cause neural tube defects only in the third trimester
4. DACE inhibitors can harm fetal kidney development and are avoided in pregnancy

A newborn has a cephalohaematoma. What should the nurse monitor closely over the next days?

1. AJaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin
2. BBlood pressure, because the swelling causes hypertension
3. CHead circumference twice daily, because it signals hydrocephalus
4. DUrine colour, because the swelling causes kidney damage

The mother of a 5-day-old breastfed baby asks how she can tell her baby is getting enough milk. Which answer is best?

1. AHer breasts should always feel full and hard between feeds
2. BThe baby should feed for exactly 10 minutes on each side at every feed, day and night
3. CAbout 6 or more wet nappies a day, regular yellow stools and steady weight gain
4. DThe baby should sleep through the night without waking for feeds

What must a patient be told for consent to a new psychotropic medicine to be valid?

1. AOnly the name of the medicine and the time of day it will be given
2. BNothing at all, because psychiatric patients cannot give consent
3. CThe expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
4. DOnly the benefits, so that the patient is not frightened by the side effects

A resident with Alzheimer's disease becomes very agitated and hits out when staff try to help him bathe. What is the best approach?

1. AAsk the doctor for a sedative to be given before every bath so that he stays calm and cooperative
2. BStop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
3. CSkip bathing for the rest of his stay
4. DGet more staff to hold him so the bath can be finished quickly

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 36 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 20:15 dan tamat pada 08:00 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa jam t ia berjalan? Berikan jawapan dalam jam sebagai perpuluhan, dibundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Satu picagari praisi epinefrina (adrenalin) dilabel 1:10 000 (0.1 mg/mL). Preskripsi ialah 1 mg IV semasa henti jantung. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Preskripsi ialah 1.28 mg. Ampul mengandungi 4000 mikrogram setiap mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Titisan berjalan pada 25 gtt/min melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 12 jam?

500 mL diarahkan selama 6 jam. Selepas 2 jam anda mendapati 350 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 150 mL/j. Pada 11:00, 250 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 5 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai badan merah jambu dengan tangan dan kaki biru, kadar denyutan jantung 70/min, berkerut muka apabila dirangsang, anggota lembik tanpa tonus otot dan tidak bernafas. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah