Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

What is the main aim of "protected mealtimes" on hospital wards?

1. ATo stop visitors from bringing any food into hospital
2. BTo make sure all patients eat the same meal at once
3. CTo give staff a fixed break while the patients are eating their meals
4. DTo let patients eat without interruptions, with help where needed

A patient with a new colostomy has been taught stoma care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll dry the skin well before putting on a new bag."
2. B"I'll measure the stoma again as it shrinks over the next weeks."
3. C"I'll check the skin around my stoma when I change the bag."
4. D"I'll cut the opening much bigger than my stoma so it doesn't rub."

A colleague has drawn up a medication and asks the nurse to give it to her patient. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it, because the colleague is experienced
2. BGive it, as long as the syringe has a label with the drug name on it
3. CDecline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
4. DGive it, and document that the colleague prepared it

According to the “Swiss cheese” model of error, why do errors reach patients?

1. ATechnology fails more often than people do
2. BPatients often do not follow their care instructions
3. CWeaknesses in several layers of defense line up at the same time
4. DOne careless person makes a mistake that no system could stop

Empat jam selepas pembedahan tiroid, dapatan pesakit manakah yang patut ditindaki dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AKesakitan pada hirisan 4/10
2. BSuara yang semakin serak, dengan pernafasan bising yang baharu
3. CPermintaan untuk duduk untuk minum
4. DSedikit saliran serus kelihatan pada pembalut leher

A patient is admitted with suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which precautions are needed until treatment has been given for long enough?

1. AAirborne precautions
2. BContact precautions only
3. CDroplet precautions
4. DStandard precautions only

A nurse gives a patient analgesia for post-operative pain. What should be done next?

1. AReassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
2. BGive a second analgesic straight away just in case
3. CAssume the pain has gone if the patient is quiet and has their eyes closed
4. DWait until the next shift before asking the patient about the pain

A patient rescued from a house fire has soot around the mouth, singed nasal hairs and a hoarse voice. What is the main concern?

1. AA minor throat infection
2. BDehydration from sweating
3. CAirway swelling from inhalation injury
4. DHypothermia from the fire service water

Perubahan ECG manakah yang dikaitkan dengan hipokalsemia?

1. ASela QT yang memanjang
2. BGelombang delta yang menonjol
3. CSela QT yang memendek
4. DGelombang T yang tinggi dan runcing

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil apiksaban bertanya mengapa mereka tidak memerlukan ujian INR berkala seperti jiran mereka yang mengambil warfarin. Apakah penjelasan yang terbaik?

1. AApiksaban sebenarnya tidak mencairkan darah
2. BApiksaban dipantau dengan aPTT setiap hari sebaliknya
3. CKesannya boleh diramal, maka ujian pembekuan rutin tidak diperlukan
4. DINR diperiksa secara rahsia bersama ujian darah rutin yang lain

Untuk apakah dos pemuat digunakan?

1. AUntuk menguji tindak balas alergi
2. BUntuk mengurangkan kesan sampingan pada permulaan rawatan
3. CUntuk memperlahankan penyerapan ubat
4. DUntuk mencapai kepekatan plasma sasaran dengan cepat

A patient on weekly methotrexate is prescribed trimethoprim for a urinary infection. What is the main risk?

1. ASevere hypertension from the combination
2. BBone marrow suppression, because both drugs inhibit folate metabolism
3. CHypoglycaemia from reduced liver glucose output
4. DLoss of antibiotic effect because methotrexate binds trimethoprim

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
2. BA chest X-ray
3. CA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
4. DAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring

A patient has been on continuous NIV via a full-face mask for two days. Which nursing measure helps prevent the most common complication?

1. ARemove the mask for an hour each time the alarm sounds
2. BCheck mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
3. CTighten the straps as far as they will go to stop any leak
4. DUse the same mask size for every patient

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. AHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
2. BDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
3. CDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
4. DThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off

On day 6 after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, a patient becomes newly confused and develops weakness in one arm. The aneurysm was secured on day 1. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANormal tiredness after major surgery
2. BHypoglycaemia from reduced eating
3. CDelayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm
4. DRe-bleeding from the secured aneurysm

In the SBAR communication tool, what belongs under "A"?

1. AA list of the patient's allergies only
2. BThe nurse's assessment of what the problem is
3. CThe patient's admission date only
4. DThe address and phone number of the patient's next of kin

A patient with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly eased, but an hour later has a temperature of 38.9 °C, a rigid abdomen and a pulse of 118/min. What does this suggest?

1. AA side effect of the analgesia given
2. BThe appendicitis has settled by itself
3. CSimple constipation that needs a laxative
4. DPerforation with peritonitis

A woman's epidural has just been inserted. Which nursing action is a priority in the next hours?

1. ARestrict all oral and IV fluids
2. BKeep her lying flat on her back
3. CEncourage her to walk around the room on her own
4. DCheck her blood pressure and bladder often

A woman at 11 weeks has heavy bleeding, cramping and an open cervical os, and she has passed some tissue. Which type of miscarriage is this?

1. AComplete miscarriage
2. BMissed miscarriage
3. CThreatened miscarriage
4. DIncomplete miscarriage

A child with type 1 diabetes is unconscious from hypoglycaemia at school. What should be done?

1. AGive a glass of orange juice by mouth
2. BGive the child's usual dose of insulin
3. CGive glucagon and call emergency services
4. DLet the child sleep and check again in an hour

Arahan manakah yang patut dipersoalkan oleh jururawat bagi kanak-kanak dengan neutropenia selepas kemoterapi?

1. AMemantau suhu melalui aksila atau mulut
2. BMelaporkan suhu 38 °C atau lebih dengan segera
3. CMelakukan kebersihan tangan yang teliti sebelum setiap sentuhan
4. DMengukur suhu melalui rektum setiap 4 jam

A child repeatedly eats paint flakes, soil and paper for more than a month. What is this called, and what is a key risk?

1. AARFID; the risk of choking on food
2. BPica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
3. CBulimia; severe hypokalaemia from vomiting
4. DAnorexia; dangerously low body weight and bradycardia

A patient with anxiety asks for her PRN lorazepam every time it is due. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AGive her a placebo tablet instead, without telling her, to see whether she really needs it
2. BAlways give it as soon as she asks, without assessment
3. CRefuse to give it, because she might become dependent
4. DAssess her anxiety each time, offer other coping strategies and give it if indicated

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 39.3 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 1 tsp ampaian oral setiap 6 jam selama 14 hari. Ampaian itu datang dalam botol 100 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa botol penuh N yang mesti dibekalkan supaya kursus rawatan lengkap?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 32 kg dipreskripsikan 3 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 20 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Preskripsi ialah 720 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 1000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Titisan berjalan pada 35 gtt/min melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 4 jam?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 12 jam. Selepas 10 jam anda mendapati 310 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 125 mL/j. Pada 14:30, 150 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala tidak membuka mata langsung, tidak mengeluarkan bunyi dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: tiada pergerakan langsung. Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 1 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai badan merah jambu dengan tangan dan kaki biru, kadar denyutan jantung 70/min, menangis, batuk atau bersin apabila dirangsang, anggota lembik tanpa tonus otot dan pernafasan baik dengan tangisan kuat. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah