Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient is getting up for the first time after several days in bed. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive the patient a large drink of water while standing
2. BAsk the patient to walk to the bathroom alone
3. CHave the patient sit on the edge of the bed for a short time before standing
4. DHelp the patient stand up quickly, so that the dizziness has less time to start

Pesakit COPD dengan ketepuan sasaran 88–92% menerima oksigen. SpO₂nya kini 97%. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMembiarkannya, kerana ketepuan lebih tinggi sentiasa lebih baik bagi pesakit COPD
2. BMeningkatkan oksigen untuk mengekalkan paras tinggi
3. CMengurangkan oksigen untuk mengembalikan ketepuan ke julat sasaran
4. DMengeluarkan semua oksigen dan berhenti memantau

A new antibiotic is prescribed for a patient. What should the nurse check before giving the first dose?

1. AOnly the patient’s blood pressure and pulse before giving the drug
2. BThe patient’s preferred pharmacy
3. COnly the time of the patient’s last meal and drink
4. DThe patient’s allergies, by checking the record and asking the patient

A nurse has raised a safety concern about an order with the prescriber, who dismissed it without addressing it. What should the nurse do next?

1. ACarry out the order as written, because the prescriber has heard the concern
2. BDiscuss the concern with the patient and let them decide
3. CRefuse to care for the patient for the rest of the shift until the prescriber apologizes
4. DState the concern clearly a second time and, if still unresolved, use the chain of command

Pesakit manakah yang patut dilihat dahulu oleh jururawat selepas laporan?

1. APesakit yang mengambil diuretik yang telah mengeluarkan 400 mL air kencing sejak 08:00
2. BPesakit dengan simen baharu yang berkata kaki terasa kebas dan jari kaki sejuk
3. CPesakit yang mahu bantuan mandi sebelum pelawat tiba
4. DPesakit osteoartritis yang melaporkan kekakuan setiap pagi

An infant is choking and cannot cry or breathe. Which technique is correct?

1. ABack blows and chest thrusts
2. BHolding the infant upside down by the feet
3. CAbdominal thrusts, as in adults
4. DA blind finger sweep of the mouth

A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?

1. ANasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BVenturi mask set to 24%
3. CSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up
4. DNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min

A nurse notices that a wrong dose of a drug was prepared but was caught before it was given. What should be done?

1. AReport it as a near miss through the incident reporting system
2. BTell only the patient's family
3. CSay nothing, because no harm reached the patient
4. DDiscipline the nurse who prepared it on the spot in front of colleagues

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ASkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
2. BThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
3. CDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
4. DThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding

Keputusan pesakit manakah yang patut dilaporkan dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AHbA1c 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) pada pesakit diabetes jenis 2
2. BKolesterol keseluruhan sedikit di atas sasaran
3. CKreatinin 1.6 mg/dL (141 µmol/L) pada pesakit CKD stabil yang diketahui
4. DGlukosa 42 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L) pada pesakit yang berpeluh dan keliru

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive the next scheduled dose of insulin
2. BGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
3. CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
4. DGive intramuscular glucagon at once

Which statement about raloxifene for postmenopausal osteoporosis is correct?

1. AIt acts like oestrogen in all tissues, including the breast, and relieves hot flushes
2. BIt acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk
3. CIt has no effect on the risk of blood clots
4. DIt is a bisphosphonate taken weekly with water

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. AQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
2. BSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
3. CSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
4. DThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth

Selepas pembedahan pinggul, seorang pesakit tiba-tiba sesak nafas dan cemas dengan kadar jantung 124/min, SpO₂ 86% pada udara bilik dan sakit tajam semasa bernafas. Bunyi dada jelas. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMembaringkan pesakit mendatar dan menaikkan kedua-dua kaki di atas bantal
2. BMembawa pesakit berjalan di sekeliling wad untuk memperbaik pernafasan
3. CMemberikan oksigen, mendudukkan pesakit, memanggil semakan segera dan kekal bersama
4. DMemberikan sedatif untuk kebimbangan dan menyemak semula dalam sejam

Selepas kecederaan kepala, seorang pesakit mempunyai cecair jernih menitis dari hidung. Apakah kebimbangan utama?

1. ATindak balas alergi terhadap kontras CT
2. BSelesema biasa atau serangan demam hay
3. CKebocoran CSF akibat keretakan tengkorak
4. DHingus normal yang terhasil selepas menangis

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AThe start of Alzheimer's disease
2. BHypoactive delirium
3. CSimple low mood about being in hospital
4. DNormal tiredness after an operation

Corak elektrolit manakah yang tipikal bagi sindrom lisis tumor?

1. AKalium dan fosfat rendah dengan kalsium tinggi
2. BKalium, fosfat dan asid urik tinggi; kalsium rendah
3. CNatrium tinggi dan kalsium tinggi dengan aras asid urik rendah
4. DKalium rendah, fosfat rendah dan asid urik rendah

A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AOsteomyelitis
2. BSimple dry skin
3. CVenous insufficiency
4. DA healing category 1 ulcer

A woman 4 hours after birth has severe perineal pain and pressure. Her fundus is firm, lochia is normal, and her heart rate is rising. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA urinary tract infection
2. BUterine atony
3. CA vulvar or vaginal haematoma
4. DNormal afterpains

A large for gestational age newborn of a mother with diabetes is also very red and has a high haematocrit. Which complication of this finding should the nurse watch for?

1. AJaundice
2. BNeural tube defects
3. CHypothermia caused by sweating
4. DDehydration caused by vomiting

Which instruction about giving oral liquid iron to a child is correct?

1. AStop the iron straight away if the stools turn dark green or black, as this means bleeding
2. BGive it with a syringe or straw towards the back of the mouth; dark stools are expected
3. CGive it together with an antacid to protect the stomach
4. DGive it mixed in a full bottle of milk to reduce stomach upset

A child with Hirschsprung disease awaiting surgery develops fever, explosive diarrhoea and a very swollen abdomen. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AEnterocolitis, an emergency
2. BOveruse of laxatives at home
3. CThe disease has resolved itself
4. DOrdinary viral gastroenteritis

Faktor manakah yang merupakan salah satu peramal terkuat bunuh diri pada masa hadapan?

1. AMempunyai kepercayaan agama yang kuat
2. BSudah berkahwin
3. CPercubaan membunuh diri sebelum ini
4. DMempunyai pekerjaan yang stabil

A nurse feels strong irritation every time she cares for a patient who reminds her of her abusive father. What is the most appropriate action?

1. ATell the patient that he reminds her of her father
2. BRecognise this as countertransference and discuss it in clinical supervision
3. CIgnore the feeling, because feelings do not affect nursing care
4. DAvoid the patient and let other staff do all of his care

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 183 cm. Dengan menggunakan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam inci. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 30 mcg/min. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mg/h.

Seorang pesakit berberat 70 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 25 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 4 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Satu infusi mengandungi 50000 unit ubat dalam 500 mL. Preskripsi ialah 800 unit sejam. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 5 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 50 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Terdapat 200 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih). Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 08:30 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 50 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 13:00?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu carta latihan merekodkan GCS 11, dengan E3 dan V4. Apakah skor motor M yang direkodkan, dan respons yang manakah yang dihuraikannya? Berikan nombornya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 9/min, SpO₂ 98% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 88/52 mmHg, nadi 82/min, sedar, suhu 36.6 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi