Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient has just finished a glass of iced water. How should this affect taking an oral temperature?

1. AWait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low
2. BUse the reading but only if the patient says they feel warm
3. CTake it straight away, as cold drinks do not affect the mouth
4. DAdd half a degree to the reading to correct for the drink

On the day after surgery, a patient's new stoma has turned dark purple. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait a week to see whether it changes
2. BClean it firmly to remove the colour
3. CReport it urgently, as the stoma may be losing its blood supply
4. DRecord it as normal bruising after surgery and recheck tomorrow

A patient walking with a gait belt suddenly starts to fall. What should the nurse do?

1. ALet go of the belt and run to call for help
2. BPull the patient backwards quickly toward the bed
3. CGrab the patient under both arms and try hard to keep them standing up
4. DHold the belt, widen the stance and ease the patient gently to the floor

An IV bag from the pharmacy holds the correct drug, but the label shows another patient’s name. What should the nurse do?

1. AHang it, because the drug and dose are correct
2. BCross out the name and write in the correct patient’s name
3. CNot hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
4. DAsk the patient whether it is fine to use the bag

Seorang jururawat berdaftar berkata kepada pembantu jururawat, "Tengok pesakit di bilik 12." Hak pendelegasian manakah yang tiada?

1. ATugas yang betul untuk tetapan itu
2. BOrang yang betul untuk tugas itu
3. CKeadaan yang betul
4. DArahan dan komunikasi yang betul

A nurse teaches a patient to inject enoxaparin at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will tell my doctor if I notice unusual bruising or bleeding.”
2. B“I will rub the area after the injection to help it absorb.”
3. C“I will inject into the fat of my abdomen, away from the navel.”
4. D“I will change the injection site each time.”

Sebelum memberi penyekat beta, pemerhatian manakah yang paling penting untuk disemak?

1. AKadar jantung dan tekanan darah
2. BSuhu sahaja
3. CPergerakan usus
4. DGlukosa darah sahaja

A patient with full mental capacity decides against a treatment that the team thinks is best. What does the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales) say?

1. AThe team may override any decision that it disagrees with if it is serious
2. BThe patient must be assessed by a psychiatrist before refusing
3. CThe family may make the decision instead if they disagree with the patient's choice
4. DA person is not treated as lacking capacity just because they make an unwise decision

A patient with iron-deficiency anemia started oral iron. Which result is usually the earliest sign that treatment is working?

1. AA fall in the mean cell volume (MCV)
2. BA fall in the white cell count
3. CA rise in the platelet count
4. DA rise in the reticulocyte count

A healthy woman at 10 weeks of pregnancy has a slightly low TSH with a normal free T₄ and no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AhCG stimulates the thyroid in early pregnancy
2. BThe result shows severe primary hypothyroidism
3. CShe has developed Graves disease in pregnancy
4. DShe has pituitary failure from the pregnancy

A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?

1. A"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
2. B"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"
3. C"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"
4. D"Have you taken paracetamol today?"

A man taking spironolactone for heart failure develops painful breast enlargement. Which change may be considered?

1. ASwitching to eplerenone, which has fewer anti-androgen effects
2. BSwitching to potassium chloride tablets
3. CDoubling the spironolactone dose to overcome the side effect
4. DAdding testosterone injections

What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?

1. ATo widen the airways within minutes
2. BTo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up
3. CTo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night
4. DTo kill bacteria in the airways

Pendekatan manakah untuk pengeluaran saluran dada yang lazim diajar?

1. AMengeluarkannya dengan sedutan masih berjalan pada kuasa penuh
2. BMengeluarkannya dan membiarkan tapak terbuka untuk mengalir selama sehari
3. CMengeluarkannya perlahan-lahan semasa pesakit menyedut nafas panjang dan dalam
4. DMengeluarkannya semasa menahan nafas atau semasa ekspirasi, kemudian menutup tapak

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ATake extra vitamin C supplements
2. BDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
3. CDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
4. DCut all calcium out of the diet

A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will wipe from front to back."
2. B"I will pass urine soon after sex."
3. C"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
4. D"I will drink enough fluids during the day."

PPE manakah yang biasanya disyorkan semasa memberikan kemoterapi sitotoksik?

1. ATiada PPE, kerana beg infusi tertutup
2. BPelitup muka pembedahan kertas tetapi tanpa sarung tangan
3. CSarung tangan kapas biasa dan apron plastik
4. DSarung tangan yang diuji untuk kemoterapi dan gaun kalis tembus

A patient with small cell lung cancer is confused and drowsy. Sodium is 118 mmol/L and the urine is highly concentrated. Which complication is likely?

1. ADiabetes insipidus
2. BSIADH
3. CTumour lysis syndrome
4. DHypercalcaemia of malignancy

At station +2, where is the presenting part?

1. AAt the level of the ischial spines
2. B2 cm below the ischial spines
3. C2 cm above the ischial spines
4. DFloating above the pelvic inlet

A healthy newborn is jittery. Which finding helps tell jitteriness from a seizure?

1. AJitteriness stops when the limb is gently held
2. BSeizures are always triggered by loud sounds
3. CSeizures stop when the limb is held
4. DJitteriness comes with eye deviation and apnoea

A medicine is prescribed at 10 mg/kg. The child weighs 18 kg and the liquid contains 120 mg in 5 mL. What volume should be given?

1. A1.5 mL
2. B15 mL
3. C7.5 mL
4. D3.75 mL

Which phone call should the nurse return first?

1. AA parent of a 5-month-old who has had no wet nappy for 12 hours and is very sleepy
2. BA parent of a 7-year-old with a faint rash 3 days into antibiotics, breathing normally
3. CA parent asking when the next routine vaccines are due
4. DA parent of a 3-year-old with a runny nose and a mild cough for 2 days

Which physical finding is common in bulimia nervosa?

1. ARaised blood pressure, a fast pulse and a high temperature
2. BVery low body weight with lanugo hair
3. CA high serum potassium level
4. DSwelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw

Seorang pesakit yang berkeupayaan telah menandatangani persetujuan untuk satu kursus ECT. Selepas dua sesi, dia berkata dia mahu berhenti. Apakah yang betul?

1. ADia mesti menyelesaikan kursus itu setelah dia menandatangani
2. BDia hanya boleh berhenti jika keluarganya bersetuju
3. CPersetujuan bertandatangannya menjadi mengikat selepas sesi pertama, maka kursus yang dipersetujui kini mesti diselesaikan
4. DDia boleh menarik balik persetujuannya pada bila-bila masa, dan keputusannya mesti dihormati dan dilaporkan kepada pasukan

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 6 kaki 10 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 8 mg/h. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mcg/min. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Sebuah vial mengandungi serbuk 500 mg. Label menyatakan: tambah 4.6 mL air untuk suntikan untuk mendapatkan jumlah isi padu 5 mL. Preskripsi ialah 80 mg. Berapakah isi padu V larutan yang dilarutkan semula yang anda berikan?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 10 kg dipreskripsi 12.5 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 50 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 30 gtt/min melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Terdapat 200 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih). Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 10:00 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 80 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 14:30?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 32/min, SpO₂ 98% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 96/58 mmHg, nadi 64/min, sedar, suhu 39.6 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi