Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A small blood spill is found on the ward floor. What is the correct approach?

1. ACover it with a sheet so no one steps in it
2. BLeave it for the domestic staff to clean at the end of the day
3. CWipe it up with a paper towel without gloves, then wash your hands well afterwards
4. DWear gloves and an apron and clean it with an approved disinfectant per policy

A patient with a new colostomy has been taught stoma care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll dry the skin well before putting on a new bag."
2. B"I'll check the skin around my stoma when I change the bag."
3. C"I'll cut the opening much bigger than my stoma so it doesn't rub."
4. D"I'll measure the stoma again as it shrinks over the next weeks."

A patient has received oral radioactive iodine therapy. Which precaution is usually taken?

1. APlace the patient on droplet precautions with a surgical mask
2. BEncourage pregnant visitors to sit close to the patient to give emotional support
3. CLet the patient share a bathroom with other patients
4. DLimit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy

A nurse has a needlestick from a patient known to have hepatitis C. Which statement about management is correct?

1. ANo follow-up is needed because hepatitis C does not spread by needles
2. BThere is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
3. CHepatitis C immune globulin is given within 24 hours, followed by a booster dose
4. DThe hepatitis C vaccine series is started at once, with a booster dose six months later

A nurse teaches a patient to use an incentive spirometer. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will use it several times every hour while awake.”
2. B“I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
3. C“I will try to hold my breath for a few seconds at the top.”
4. D“I will breathe in slowly and deeply through the mouthpiece.”

Di jabatan kecemasan, pesakit manakah yang patut terus ke bilik rawatan?

1. ASeorang berumur 45 tahun yang meminta preskripsi ulangan
2. BSeorang berumur 60 tahun dengan tekanan dada, berpeluh dan loya selama 20 minit
3. CSeorang berumur 30 tahun dengan sakit tekak selama dua hari dan suhu 38.0 °C
4. DSeorang berumur 25 tahun dengan pergelangan tangan terseliuh dan tanda vital normal

Which of these is a non-drug measure that can help relieve pain?

1. AKeeping the patient awake all night
2. BTelling the patient that the pain is not real
3. CRepositioning and distraction
4. DRestricting visitors completely

Pesakit selepas penggantian pinggul total tiba-tiba mengalami sakit pinggul yang teruk, kaki memendek dan kaki berputar. Apakah komplikasi yang paling mungkin?

1. AJangkitan luka
2. BPengekalan air kencing
3. CTrombosis vena dalam pada betis
4. DTerkehelnya prostesis

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has vomited for 3 days. Which urine finding would the nurse expect?

1. ANitrites
2. BRed cell casts
3. CBilirubin
4. DKetones

At the start of a shift, the nurse reviews four new results. Which patient needs attention first?

1. AGlucose 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after a meal in a patient with diabetes
2. BHemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
3. CPotassium 5.2 mEq/L in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
4. DSodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting

Pesakit mengalami gangguan buah pinggang teruk. Satu ubat terutamanya dirembeskan tanpa berubah dalam air kencing. Apakah pelarasan biasa?

1. ATingkatkan dos untuk menampung penyerapan yang lemah
2. BBeri ubat secara oral dan bukannya intravena
3. CKurangkan dos atau panjangkan selang pemberian dos
4. DTiada perubahan diperlukan, kerana hati mengambil alih

Mengapakah dos gentamisin dipantau dengan paras darah?

1. AIa nefrotoksik dan ototoksik dengan indeks terapeutik yang sempit
2. BIa hanya berfungsi pada kepekatan yang sangat tinggi
3. CIa dimetabolismekan sepenuhnya oleh hati, jadi fungsi hati menentukan dos
4. DIa menyebabkan hipoglisemia teruk

Seorang pesakit hipertensi mengambil amlodipin. Kesan sampingan manakah yang paling berkemungkinan diperhatikan oleh jururawat?

1. ABatuk kering yang menggelitik
2. BBengkak buku lali
3. CHiperkalemia
4. DMengi

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
2. BIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
3. CIt treats infection; the risk is fever
4. DIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation

Selepas pembedahan pituitari, seorang pesakit mengeluarkan 400 mL air kencing sejam selama tiga jam dengan graviti spesifik rendah. Apakah yang patut disyaki oleh jururawat?

1. AKecederaan buah pinggang akut
2. BDiuresis normal
3. CDiabetes insipidus
4. DSIADH

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor is booked for major surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AThe dose is usually doubled on the morning of surgery
2. BThe drug must be taken right up until the operation starts
3. CSurgery is not possible in patients taking this drug
4. DIt is usually paused in the days before surgery

Mengapakah analgesia tetap (berjadual) sering diutamakan berbanding dos “mengikut keperluan” pada hari-hari pertama selepas pembedahan besar?

1. AIa mengekalkan aras ubat yang stabil dan mencegah kemuncak kesakitan yang teruk
2. BIa mencegah sepenuhnya semua kesan sampingan opioid
3. CIa menyingkirkan keperluan untuk menilai kesakitan pesakit pada siang hari
4. DIa membenarkan dos melebihi had maksimum harian diberikan

Seorang berumur 74 tahun dengan penyakit buah pinggang kronik mengalami kesakitan teruk selepas pembedahan. Isu opioid manakah yang paling penting?

1. AFungsi buah pinggang tidak memberi kesan terhadap cara opioid dikendalikan
2. BMetabolit morfin terkumpul, jadi dos yang lebih rendah atau opioid lain mungkin diperlukan
3. COpioid tidak boleh sekali-kali digunakan pada warga emas, apa pun kesakitannya
4. DMorfin ialah opioid paling selamat dalam kegagalan buah pinggang, jadi dos boleh dinaikkan dengan bebas

Which event in an Rh-negative, non-sensitised woman requires an extra dose of anti-D immunoglobulin?

1. AA glucose tolerance test
2. BA blood pressure check
3. CA routine urine test
4. DAmniocentesis

A woman has been breastfeeding for 3 weeks. Her baby has gained little weight, feeds briefly and falls asleep at the breast. What is the most appropriate first action?

1. ATell her to feed only every 6 hours to build hunger
2. BAdvise her to stop breastfeeding and use formula only
3. CObserve a full feed to assess latch and milk transfer
4. DReassure her that slow weight gain is normal

Which drink is best for a child with mild dehydration from gastroenteritis?

1. ACola or other fizzy drinks
2. BUndiluted apple juice
3. COral rehydration solution
4. DSports drinks

A toddler weighed 10 kg before 2 days of diarrhoea and now weighs 9.5 kg. How much has he lost?

1. A500 g, about 50% of his body weight
2. B50 g, about 0.5% of his body weight
3. C500 g, about 5% of his body weight, mostly fluid
4. D1 kg, about 10% of his body weight

A patient who has taken lithium for 3 years reports tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold and constipation. Which problem should be checked?

1. ASerotonin syndrome
2. BHyperthyroidism
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DAgranulocytosis

A patient who had been abstinent from alcohol for 6 months has started drinking again. He says, "I've failed completely. There's no point in trying." What is the most helpful response?

1. A"Yes, I'm afraid you've wasted all of your hard work over the last six months."
2. B"You obviously weren't serious about stopping."
3. C"You'll have to start a completely new treatment from the beginning."
4. D"Relapse is common in recovery. Let's look at what led to it and what you learned."

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 4 kaki 11 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan kreatinina serum ialah 3.8 mg/dL. Dengan menggunakan 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L untuk kreatinina, cari c dalam µmol/L kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Seorang pesakit berberat 80 kg dan dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal. Cari dos D dalam mg.

Preskripsi ialah 1.04 mg. Ampul mengandungi 4000 mikrogram setiap mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 10 jam. Selepas 7 jam anda mendapati 320 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 3 jam anda mendapati 1180 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 13:15 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 50 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 15:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu carta latihan merekodkan GCS 5, dengan E2 dan V2. Apakah skor motor M yang direkodkan, dan respons yang manakah yang dihuraikannya? Berikan nombornya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 26/min, SpO₂ 99% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 124/74 mmHg, nadi 70/min, sedar, suhu 38.1 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi