Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

When are non-sterile gloves needed?

1. AOnly when the patient is known to have an infection
2. BFor every patient contact, including taking a pulse or blood pressure
3. COnly when handling medicines
4. DWhen contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected

A patient going home on warfarin has been taught about the drug. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll keep my appointments for blood tests."
2. B"I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
3. C"I'll try to keep the amount of green vegetables I eat steady."
4. D"I'll report any blood in my urine or black stools."

A patient has fallen, and the nurse completes an incident report. Which statement about this report is correct?

1. AIt is only needed when the patient is injured
2. BIt is written factually and does not replace documenting the fall in the patient’s record
3. CA copy of it is placed in the patient’s chart so all staff know about the fall
4. DIt replaces the need to document the fall in the patient’s record

A patient receiving chemotherapy has an absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm³ (0.4 × 10⁹/L) and a new temperature of 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage oral fluids and record the result in the chart
2. BGive an antipyretic and reassess at the next routine round
3. CReport it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency
4. DRecheck the temperature in four hours before calling anyone about it

A patient with a valid do-not-resuscitate order (DNR; called DNACPR in the UK) stops breathing and has no pulse. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart CPR and stop when the family arrives
2. BStart chest compressions but not rescue breaths
3. CFollow the DNR order and do not start CPR
4. DCall the cardiac arrest team and let them decide

At 08:00 a nurse has four tasks. Which order is best?

1. ACheck the patient with a falling SpO₂, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, update care plans
2. BUpdate care plans, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, check the patient with a falling SpO₂
3. CGive routine medications, check the patient with a falling SpO₂, update care plans, give insulin with breakfast
4. DGive insulin with breakfast, update care plans, check the patient with a falling SpO₂, give routine medications

Which of these is one of the "4 Hs", the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

1. AHypertension
2. BHyperventilation
3. CHypoxia
4. DHyperthyroidism

Pesakit manakah yang patut dinilai dahulu oleh jururawat wad pada permulaan syif?

1. APesakit dengan sakit belakang kronik berskor 4/10
2. BPesakit yang meminta julap
3. CPesakit dengan kekeliruan baharu dan kadar pernafasan 28/min
4. DPesakit yang menunggu pelepasan dengan pemerhatian stabil

Selepas pembedahan pituitari, seorang pesakit mengeluarkan kira-kira 400 mL air kencing pucat sejam dengan graviti tentu 1.002, dan natrium telah meningkat kepada 149 mEq/L. Keadaan manakah yang paling mungkin?

1. AHiperglisemia dengan ketoasidosis
2. BSIADH
3. CKecederaan buah pinggang akut dengan oliguria
4. DDiabetes insipidus

Kalium seorang pesakit ialah 3.4–3.6 mEq/L selama beberapa bulan, dan satu keputusan hari ini ialah 5.4 mEq/L. Pesakit berasa sihat dan ECG normal. Apakah langkah seterusnya yang terbaik?

1. AAbaikan keputusan itu, kerana pesakit berasa sihat
2. BMulakan pengikat kalium serta-merta tanpa pemeriksaan lanjut
3. CSemak bagaimana sampel diambil, nilai pesakit dan ulang ujian
4. DHentikan semua ubat tetap pesakit

Tanda manakah yang tipikal bagi ketoksikan opioid?

1. AAnak mata terbuka luas
2. BSuhu badan tinggi
3. CAnak mata sekecil kepala jarum
4. DPernafasan pantas dan dalam

Apakah mekanisme tindakan utama perencat pam proton seperti omeprazol?

1. AMenyekat secara kompetitif reseptor histamin H2 pada sel parietal
2. BMeneutralkan asid dalam perut
3. CMenyalut ulser untuk melindunginya
4. DPerencatan tak berbalik H⁺/K⁺-ATPase dalam sel parietal

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus
2. BOral digoxin
3. CIntravenous magnesium sulfate
4. DIntravenous adenosine

Seorang pesakit asma mempunyai sejarah mengi selepas mengambil aspirin. Ibuprofen dipreskripsikan untuk kesakitan pasca-operasi. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMemberikannya bersama inhaler pelega pada masa yang sama
2. BMemberikannya, kerana ibuprofen tidak berkaitan dengan aspirin
3. CMemberikannya hanya jika skor kesakitan melebihi 8/10
4. DMenahannya dan meminta alternatif

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. AVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
2. BCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
3. CRestricting fluids in the evening only
4. DAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic

A nurse teaches a wheelchair user with a spinal cord injury about skin care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I only need to check my skin when something hurts."
2. B"I will use a mirror to check my bottom and heels every day."
3. C"I will keep my skin clean and dry."
4. D"I will shift my weight in the chair regularly."

Which advice helps prevent dumping syndrome after gastrectomy?

1. AA high-sugar diet with fruit juice to keep energy levels up
2. BThree large meals a day with plenty of sweet drinks with each meal
3. CSit upright and walk briskly straight after every meal
4. DSmall, frequent meals low in simple sugars, with fluids between meals

Which group of signs suggests that a patient is entering the last days of life?

1. ARising appetite, more energy and normal skin colour and warmth
2. BHigh blood pressure and very fast weight gain
3. CReduced intake, mottled skin and changes in breathing
4. DClearer thinking and increased movement

Which baby is at greatest risk of early-onset group B streptococcal infection?

1. AA baby born at 40 weeks to a mother with no risk factors
2. BA baby of a GBS-positive mother with no antibiotics
3. CA baby whose mother was GBS-negative at 36 weeks
4. DA baby born by planned caesarean with intact membranes

A woman received an opioid IV 30 minutes ago. The tracing now shows minimal variability but no decelerations. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe opioid's effect on the fetal brain
2. BSevere fetal anaemia from Rh disease
3. CPlacental abruption
4. DProlapse of the umbilical cord

Which statement reflects current guidance about introducing allergenic foods, such as egg and peanut, to infants?

1. AThey can be introduced from around 6 months as part of solids, and delaying them does not prevent allergy
2. BThey should be avoided until at least 3 years of age, because early contact is what causes most food allergies
3. CThey should be given from 6 weeks, mixed into the baby's milk
4. DThey should only be given after a skin prick test in every infant

A 10-year-old with cystic fibrosis is going to play football on a hot day. What should the nurse teach?

1. ADrink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
2. BAvoid all exercise, because it damages the lungs
3. CRestrict fluids to prevent extra mucus
4. DSkip the pancreatic enzymes on sports days to avoid stomach cramps

A patient who started lithium 2 weeks ago has a fine tremor of the hands and is passing more urine than usual. Her level is within the therapeutic range. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AThese symptoms mean that the lithium is not working, so the dose should be stopped and a new drug chosen
2. BThese are signs of an allergic reaction, so she should never take lithium again
3. CThese are definite signs of severe lithium toxicity, so emergency dialysis is needed straight away
4. DThese are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored

A nurse feels strong irritation every time she cares for a patient who reminds her of her abusive father. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AAvoid the patient and let other staff do all of his care
2. BIgnore the feeling, because feelings do not affect nursing care
3. CTell the patient that he reminds her of her father
4. DRecognise this as countertransference and discuss it in clinical supervision

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 8 lb 8 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Keputusan hemoglobin ialah 7.3 g/dL. Nyatakan dalam g/L Hb.

Satu picagari praisi epinefrina (adrenalin) dilabel 1:10 000 (0.1 mg/mL). Preskripsi ialah 1 mg IV semasa henti jantung. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Anda perlu menyediakan 250 mL larutan 0.5% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 20% (w/v). Berapa banyak air W yang mesti ditambah pada stok?

Satu infusi diarahkan pada 200 mL/j, tetapi tiada pam tersedia. Ia berjalan secara graviti melalui set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Satu beg mengandungi 1000 mg ubat dalam 250 mL dan berjalan pada 20 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL dimulakan pada 09:30 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 125 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 10:30?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 5 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai kulit biru atau pucat di seluruh badan, kadar denyutan jantung 95/min, berkerut muka apabila dirangsang, sedikit fleksi pada lengan dan kaki dan pernafasan perlahan dan tidak teratur dengan tangisan lemah. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah