Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A bedbound patient who has not opened their bowels for a week now has liquid stool leaking constantly. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AFaecal impaction with overflow
2. BNormal bowel function returning
3. CA side effect of drinking too much water
4. DAn infection that needs antidiarrhoeal drugs at once

A nurse develops vomiting and diarrhoea during a norovirus outbreak. When can they usually return to work (UK guidance)?

1. AAs soon as the vomiting stops
2. BAfter a full week, whatever the symptoms
3. CThe next shift, if they feel well enough
4. D48 hours after the symptoms have stopped

Which PPE does a nurse wear when giving an IV chemotherapy drug?

1. ATwo pairs of chemotherapy-tested gloves and a disposable impermeable gown
2. BOne pair of standard latex gloves, changed after the infusion is started
3. CA reusable cloth gown and one pair of gloves
4. DA surgical mask and no gloves

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis has been on treatment. Which findings usually allow airborne isolation to end?

1. AThree negative sputum smears, clinical improvement and continued therapy
2. BThe cough has stopped, even with no sputum tests
3. CThe patient has been in hospital for one week and has taken every dose of medicine
4. DOne negative chest x-ray after starting treatment

A patient taking clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. What is the priority action?

1. AIncrease the dose because the symptoms suggest a relapse
2. BAdvise the patient to gargle with warm salt water and rest in bed
3. COffer throat lozenges and continue the usual dose
4. DHold the dose and report so the white cell count can be checked

Four stable patients need routine morning care. To reduce the spread of infection, which patient should the nurse visit first?

1. AA patient with influenza on droplet precautions
2. BA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
3. CA patient with an MRSA wound infection
4. DA patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy

A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?

1. ANasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
3. CSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up
4. DVenturi mask set to 24%

A patient with full mental capacity decides against a treatment that the team thinks is best. What does the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales) say?

1. AThe family may make the decision instead if they disagree with the patient's choice
2. BThe team may override any decision that it disagrees with if it is serious
3. CA person is not treated as lacking capacity just because they make an unwise decision
4. DThe patient must be assessed by a psychiatrist before refusing

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. ADisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
2. BRemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip
3. CPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
4. DAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe

A patient on clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. The ANC is 400/µL (0.4 × 10⁹/L). What should the nurse do?

1. AHold the clozapine and report the result at once
2. BGive the next dose and recheck the ANC next month
3. CHalve the dose and give it with a throat lozenge
4. DGive the dose with food to protect the stomach

Mengapakah doksisiklin tidak patut diambil pada masa yang sama dengan susu atau antasid?

1. AAntasid menukarnya menjadi sebatian toksik
2. BSusu mempercepatkan pemecahannya dalam hati dengan mengaruh enzim
3. CGabungan itu menyebabkan sembelit teruk
4. DKalsium dan ion logam lain mengikatnya dan mengurangkan penyerapan

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and feels well. Why is treatment still urgent?

1. AThe drug will cause kidney stones within a few hours
2. BParacetamol overdose only causes harm if symptoms start in the first hour
3. CLiver damage appears 1–3 days later, and early treatment works best
4. DThe patient is at risk of immediate respiratory arrest

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
2. BSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked
3. CHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse
4. DInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker

Seorang pesakit kegagalan jantung sesak nafas ketika berehat, dengan bahagian periferi yang sejuk, TD sistolik 80 mmHg dan pengeluaran air kencing yang menurun. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. ARenjatan kardiogenik dengan perfusi tisu yang lemah
2. BKegagalan jantung kronik yang stabil dan terkompensasi dengan baik
3. CKebimbangan yang menyebabkan tindak balas vasovagal
4. DDehidrasi ringan yang akan dibetulkan oleh cecair oral

Seorang pesakit mengalami hemianopia homonim selepas strok. Bagaimanakah jururawat patut membantu pada mulanya?

1. AMemastikan bilik gelap untuk mengurangkan rangsangan visual
2. BMendekati dari sebelah yang boleh melihat dan mengajar memalingkan kepala untuk mengimbas
3. CMeletakkan loceng panggilan dan minuman di sebelah yang tiada penglihatan, untuk melatihnya
4. DMenutup mata di sebelah yang terjejas dengan tampalan

Seorang pesakit strok dengan kelemahan sebelah kanan sedia dipindahkan dari katil ke kerusi. Pendekatan manakah yang paling selamat?

1. AMeletakkan kerusi di sebelah kiri dan berputar ke arahnya
2. BMenarik pesakit bangun pada bahu dan pergelangan tangan kanan
3. CMeminta pesakit berdiri seorang diri dan berjalan ke kerusi
4. DMeletakkan kerusi di sebelah kanan dan mengangkat pada lengan yang lemah

Mengapakah lecuran superfisial (kemerahan sahaja, seperti terbakar matahari) tidak dikira apabila mengira luas lecuran untuk resusitasi cecair?

1. AIa menyebabkan lebih banyak kehilangan cecair daripada kedalaman lain
2. BSawar kulit utuh, jadi sedikit cecair hilang
3. CIa sentiasa sembuh sepenuhnya dalam sehari
4. DIa sentiasa terlalu kecil untuk diukur dengan tepat pada carta

Shortly after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient says their arms feel weak and it is hard to breathe, and the BP is falling. What is most likely?

1. AA normal spinal effect
2. BAn anxiety attack
3. CA post-dural puncture headache
4. DA high spinal block

Which factor most increases a postnatal woman's risk of venous thromboembolism?

1. ACaesarean birth
2. BEarly walking after birth
3. CBreastfeeding
4. DNormal blood loss

A breastfeeding mother asks whether she can have a progestin-only implant before discharge. Which reply is best?

1. AImplants contain oestrogen, which is safe in breastfeeding
2. BProgestin-only methods are compatible with breastfeeding
3. CShe should wait until she stops breastfeeding before using any method
4. DAny hormonal contraception will stop her milk supply

Dapatan manakah pada bayi baru lahir yang mencadangkan penyakit Hirschsprung?

1. AMuntah menyembur pada 4 minggu
2. BGagal mengeluarkan mekonium dalam masa 48 jam selepas kelahiran
3. CNajis kuning terang dan cair
4. DBatuk menyalak

A 6-week-old is admitted with suspected pertussis. What is the main nursing concern?

1. AA rash spreading from the face to the trunk
2. BHigh blood pressure from the coughing
3. CApnoea and cyanosis during or after coughing spells
4. DConstipation from reduced feeding

The wife of a man with alcohol dependence organises her life around his drinking, hides it from others and neglects her own needs. What does this pattern suggest?

1. AEnabling by the healthcare team
2. BLearned helplessness in the patient
3. CDelirium tremens
4. DCodependency

Seorang pesakit kekurangan zat makanan dengan ketagihan alkohol memerlukan infusi glukosa IV. Arahan manakah yang patut dijangka oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AGlukosa dahulu, tiamina seminggu kemudian
2. BDiuretik
3. CGlukosa tanpa penggantian vitamin
4. DTiamina sebelum atau bersama glukosa

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 6 kaki 1 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 19:20 dan tamat pada 02:45 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit berberat 70 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 10 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 4 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang pesakit seberat 110 lb. Preskripsi ialah 2 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 12 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 100 mg ubat dalam 500 mL dan berjalan pada 5 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 99 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 07:45 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 80 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 08:45?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 16/min, SpO₂ 96% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 124/74 mmHg, nadi 58/min, sedar, suhu 36.6 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 20/min, SpO₂ 90% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 142/86 mmHg, nadi 64/min, sedar, suhu 36.4 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi