Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Which of these is recorded as fluid intake on a fluid balance chart?

1. AVomit
2. BUrine output from a catheter
3. CWound drainage
4. DIntravenous fluids

A patient has been taught breathing exercises before surgery. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll avoid coughing so I don't hurt my stitches."
2. B"I'll take some slow deep breaths every hour."
3. C"I'll ask for pain relief if pain stops me breathing deeply."
4. D"I'll hold a pillow over the wound when I cough."

Which technique is used for suctioning a tracheostomy in hospital?

1. AClean technique, reusing the catheter during the shift
2. BClean technique, with the catheter rinsed in tap water
3. CSterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
4. DNo gloves at all, because the airway already contains bacteria

A nurse finds an unknown liquid leaking from a container in the utility room, with a strong smell. What should the nurse do first?

1. ALeave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
2. BPour water over it to dilute it
3. CMove closer and smell it carefully to identify what the substance is
4. DMop it up with paper towels

A patient with schizophrenia says voices are telling him to hurt his roommate. What is the priority?

1. ATell him the voices are not real and leave him alone
2. BKeep everyone safe and tell the team, as the risk of harm is high
3. CIgnore the comment, because voices are part of his illness
4. DAsk the roommate to stay in the room with him and help calm him down

Two patients on the unit have the same surname. What should the nurse do before giving a medication?

1. AUse the room number as the main identifier
2. BAsk a nursing assistant which patient is which
3. CCheck two identifiers against the wristband and the medication record
4. DAsk the patient, “Are you Mr Smith?” and give the drug once he says yes

Which side effects are common after high doses of salbutamol (albuterol)?

1. AConstipation and urinary retention
2. BTremor and a fast heart rate
3. CHair loss and weight gain
4. DBradycardia and drowsiness

How should pain be assessed in a patient with advanced dementia who cannot describe it?

1. ABy asking the patient to rate their pain on a numerical scale from 0 to 10
2. BBy checking the blood pressure only
3. CWith an observational pain tool that scores facial expression, behaviour and body language
4. DBy assuming the patient has no pain unless they are crying out or calling for help

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin B₁₂
2. BIron (low ferritin)
3. CVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
4. DFolate (folic acid)

Corak keputusan manakah yang sesuai dengan SIADH?

1. ANatrium serum tinggi, osmolaliti serum tinggi dan air kencing sangat cair
2. BNatrium serum rendah, osmolaliti serum rendah dan air kencing pekat
3. CNatrium serum rendah, osmolaliti serum tinggi dan air kencing cair
4. DNatrium normal dengan air kencing sangat cair

Pesakit yang mengambil perencat MAO lama diberi amaran tentang makanan kaya tiramina. Apakah yang boleh berlaku?

1. AHipoglisemia teruk
2. BRuam alergi
3. CKrisis hipertensi
4. DKegagalan buah pinggang mendadak

A patient taking long-term hydroxychloroquine for lupus is advised to have regular eye examinations. Why?

1. AThe drug raises pressure inside the eye
2. BThe drug causes cataracts within a few weeks of starting
3. CThe drug stains the cornea blue
4. DThe drug can cause retinal toxicity that may be permanent

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
2. BWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
3. CAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
4. DIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night

Selepas kateterisasi jantung melalui arteri radial, penilaian manakah yang paling penting?

1. ASaiz anak mata dan tindak balas terhadap cahaya setiap 15 minit
2. BGraviti spesifik air kencing setiap empat jam
3. CPeredaran darah, deria dan pergerakan tangan, serta tapak tusukan
4. DBunyi usus dan lilitan abdomen setiap jam selepas ujian

A patient who has had type 1 diabetes for 30 years says they no longer feel the warning signs of a hypo. What is this called?

1. AInsulin resistance
2. BDiabetic ketoacidosis
3. CThe dawn phenomenon
4. DHypoglycaemia unawareness

A patient received IV insulin and glucose for hyperkalaemia an hour ago. What must the nurse monitor over the next few hours?

1. ACapillary glucose, for hypoglycaemia
2. BPupils, for raised intracranial pressure
3. CUrine colour, for blood in the urine
4. DSkin, for a drug rash

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. AUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
2. BLeave the external length unchecked once it is placed
3. CFlush the line only when it blocks
4. DAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
2. B"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."
3. C"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
4. D"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."

A woman is prescribed low molecular weight heparin after a caesarean. Which teaching is correct?

1. AIt is a tablet taken with meals
2. BIt is injected under the skin; report unusual bleeding
3. CIt is given into the muscle of the thigh
4. DIt must be stopped if she chooses to breastfeed her baby

A woman 2 hours after birth asks for help to the bathroom. She had an epidural that is now off. What is the main safety concern?

1. AFainting from low blood glucose only
2. BReopening of the epidural site
3. CLeg weakness or numbness causing a fall
4. DIncreased lochia from walking

Seorang kanak-kanak mempunyai air kencing berwarna kola, mata bengkak dan tekanan darah tinggi dua minggu selepas sakit tekak. Apakah diagnosis yang mungkin?

1. AJangkitan saluran kencing
2. BTumor Wilms
3. CGlomerulonefritis akut pasca-streptokokus
4. DSindrom nefrotik

Which complication is a leading cause of death from measles in children?

1. AOtitis media
2. BPneumonia
3. CDiarrhoea
4. DConjunctivitis

Why is giving approval, such as saying "That's good" about a patient's decision, considered non-therapeutic?

1. AIt suggests that the patient's choices are judged against the nurse's standards
2. BIt is against the law in mental health settings
3. CIt shows that the nurse is not listening at all
4. DIt always makes the patient angry and more likely to become aggressive towards staff

A patient says, "I'm such a failure. My wife left me and I lost my job." The nurse answers, "Don't worry, things will get better soon." What is wrong with this response?

1. AIt is too direct and confronting
2. BIt uses the technique of presenting reality wrongly
3. CIt is false reassurance that dismisses the patient's feelings
4. DIt explores the problem too deeply too early

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 101 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 1 tbsp ampaian oral setiap 8 jam selama 5 hari. Ampaian itu datang dalam botol 150 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 tbsp = 15 mL, berapa botol penuh N yang mesti dibekalkan supaya kursus rawatan lengkap?

Seorang pesakit berberat 80 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 25 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 2 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Preskripsi ialah 1600 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 10000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 6 jam. Selepas 4 jam anda mendapati 400 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

Satu titisan berjalan pada 42 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Terdapat 900 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 84 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 150 mL/j. Pada 20:30, 200 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: tiada, rehat di katil atau dibantu jururawat; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi