Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

How should adhesive tape be removed from an older patient's fragile skin?

1. AQuickly in one firm pull, straight upwards and away from the skin
2. BSlowly, low and close to the skin, while supporting the skin
3. CBy pulling it away from the wound as hard as possible
4. DAfter wetting it with alcohol rub

A recently discharged patient sends the nurse a friend request on social media. What is the most appropriate response?

1. AAccept it and ask how they are getting on
2. BAccept it, since the patient has gone home
3. CAccept it but only post about work
4. DDecline it, to keep a professional boundary

Langkah keselamatan pesakit manakah yang paling sesuai bagi pesakit yang alah kepada lateks?

1. AMengelak semua sarung tangan semasa penjagaan pesakit
2. BMenggunakan sarung tangan lateks berbedak sahaja
3. CMenggunakan peralatan bebas lateks dan mendokumenkan alahan itu dengan jelas
4. DMenggunakan sarung tangan lateks dan mencuci tangan dengan baik selepas itu

Pesakit manakah yang paling memerlukan langkah berjaga-jaga jatuh?

1. APesakit warga emas yang baru keliru, mengambil sedatif, dengan gaya berjalan yang tidak stabil
2. BPesakit yang menunggu discaj dan berjalan secara bebas
3. COrang dewasa muda dengan jari patah yang berjalan dengan stabil dan selamat tanpa bantuan
4. DPesakit yang sedar dan berehat di katil yang mengikut arahan

Arahan manakah kepada pembantu jururawat yang paling jelas?

1. A"Ukur tekanan darah Encik Lee pada 10:00 dan beritahu saya segera jika sistolik di bawah 100."
2. B"Beritahu saya jika ada apa-apa yang kelihatan tidak kena dengan Encik Lee semasa anda berada di situ."
3. C"Buat tanda vital Encik Lee sebelum makan tengah hari dan tulis dalam carta untuk saya."
4. D"Perhatikan Encik Lee pagi ini dan beritahu saya bagaimana keadaannya."

Di unit kardiak, pesakit manakah yang patut dilihat dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. APesakit kegagalan jantung yang bertambah 0.3 kg sejak semalam
2. BPesakit yang mengambil digoksin dengan nadi 48/min, loya dan kalium 3.0 mEq/L
3. CPesakit yang diminta berpuasa sebelum imbasan esok
4. DPesakit fibrilasi atrium yang kadar denyutan jantungnya 88/min dan tidak teratur, seperti sebelumnya

Which measure helps reduce the risk of surgical site infection?

1. ALeaving the patient cool during surgery to slow bacterial growth
2. BRemoving hair, if needed, with clippers rather than a razor
3. CShaving the area with a razor the night before surgery
4. DChanging the wound dressing every hour

An older patient has fallen several times since starting a new medicine. Which drug group is most likely to contribute?

1. AVitamin D supplements
2. BBenzodiazepine sleeping tablets
3. CEmollient creams applied to the legs
4. DLubricating eye drops

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. ASave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
2. BSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
3. CHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
4. DCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning

A patient on lithium has had vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days and has been taking ibuprofen. They now have a coarse tremor and confusion. The lithium level is 2.2 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation and action?

1. AA normal level; continue lithium as prescribed
2. BIbuprofen side effects only; give it with food
3. CLithium toxicity; hold lithium and report urgently
4. DA low level; ask for the lithium dose to be raised

Manakah kesan buruk yang terkenal bagi kortikosteroid oral jangka panjang?

1. AOsteoporosis
2. BTekanan darah rendah
3. CPenurunan berat badan
4. DHipoglisemia

A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?

1. AA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
2. BSerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
3. CBleeding from vitamin K deficiency
4. DSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
3. CStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
4. DAcute pericarditis

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
2. B"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
3. C"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."
4. D"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."

Bagaimanakah cecair dialisis peritoneal patut dipanaskan sebelum digunakan?

1. ADalam ketuhar gelombang mikro
2. BIa patut digunakan sejuk terus dari peti sejuk
3. CDalam mangkuk air paip panas
4. DDalam pemanas haba kering khusus

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
2. BA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning
3. CA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy
4. DA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. AFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed
2. BStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing
3. CGive the medicines but not the feed
4. DDo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy

A patient on chemotherapy has white plaques on the tongue and cheeks that wipe off to leave red areas. What is most likely?

1. ANormal mucositis healing
2. BOral candidiasis
3. CLeukoplakia from smoking
4. DFood residue only

Why is it important to do newborn bloodspot screening at the recommended time rather than in the first hours?

1. AThe heel cannot be pricked until the cord falls off
2. BThe baby's blood cannot be sampled before day 3
3. CSome results, such as PKU, need milk feeds first
4. DEarlier testing always gives false negatives for all conditions

Empat hari selepas kelahiran, seorang ibu berkata dia mendengar suara yang mengatakan bayinya jahat. Apakah keutamaannya?

1. AMenasihatinya supaya tidur lebih lama dan menyemak semula dalam seminggu
2. BPastikan ibu dan bayi tidak ditinggalkan bersendirian dan aturkan penilaian psikiatri segera
3. CMeminta pasangannya membawa bayi pulang semalaman dan membiarkannya berehat bersendirian di bilik yang tenang
4. DMenenangkannya bahawa ini ialah baby blues dan akan berlalu

A 20-month-old drinks about 1.5 litres of cow's milk a day and eats little solid food. He is pale and tired. What is the most likely problem?

1. AIron-deficiency anaemia
2. BVitamin B12 deficiency
3. CSickle cell disease
4. DLactose intolerance

Which practice most reduces the risk of errors with high-alert medicines such as insulin or opioid infusions in children?

1. ARounding doses up to the nearest whole number to keep things simple
2. BAsking the child's parent to look at the syringe and confirm that the dose looks right
3. CAn independent double check by a second nurse before giving the medicine
4. DChecking the dose only when the drug is given for the first time

Julat litium serum manakah yang lazim disebut sebagai julat terapeutik penyelenggaraan?

1. AKira-kira 0.01 hingga 0.05 mmol/L
2. BKira-kira 3.5 hingga 5.0 mmol/L
3. CKira-kira 2.0 hingga 3.0 mmol/L (paras lebih tinggi diperlukan untuk mania akut)
4. DKira-kira 0.6 hingga 1.2 mmol/L (julat sasaran berbeza antara garis panduan)

A woman taking carbamazepine for bipolar disorder uses an oral contraceptive pill. What should the nurse teach?

1. AThe two drugs do not interact in any way
2. BCarbamazepine increases the effect of the pill, so she can take it every other day
3. CShe should take the pill and the carbamazepine at exactly the same time each day so that both of them stay fully effective
4. DCarbamazepine can make the pill less effective, so she should discuss contraception with the prescriber

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu penukaran berat memberikan 121.5302 kg. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah berat dibundarkan kepada persepuluh kilogram yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 20:55 dan tamat pada 00:55 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 20 kg dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Anda perlu menyediakan 250 mL larutan 2% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 20% (w/v). Berapakah isi padu stok V₁ yang anda perlukan?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 3 jam dengan set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 1000 mg ubat dalam 50 mL dan berjalan pada 15 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 07:30 dengan 125 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 80 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata apabila dipanggil, berorientasi terhadap orang, tempat dan masa dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: menggerakkan tangan ke tempat tekanan (melokalisasi). Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 20/min, SpO₂ 96% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 142/86 mmHg, nadi 38/min, sedar, suhu 38.0 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi