Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

In the UK SSKIN care bundle for pressure ulcer prevention, what does "K" stand for?

1. AKeep clean
2. BKeep warm
3. CKeep moving
4. DKeep dry

A potassium result is unexpectedly high and the lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. What does this mean?

1. AThe patient definitely has dangerous hyperkalaemia needing treatment
2. BThe result is accurate and needs no follow-up
3. CThe result may be falsely high and the test should be repeated
4. DThe patient definitely has low potassium

Semasa memakai sarung tangan steril, bagaimanakah jururawat memakai sarung tangan kedua?

1. ATarik sarung tangan kedua pada hujung jarinya, menggunakan tangan kosong
2. BPegang bahagian dalam sarung tangan kedua dengan tangan bersarung
3. CGunakan tangan kosong untuk melaraskan bahagian luar sarung tangan pertama
4. DSelitkan jari bersarung di bawah kolar sarung tangan kedua dan tarik memakainya

A patient was harmed by a medication error and asks the nurse what happened. Which approach is best?

1. ATell the patient nothing happened to avoid worry
2. BBlame the pharmacy for the error so that the nurse and the ward are not at fault
3. CTell the patient to make a formal complaint to find out
4. DBe honest that an error occurred and involve the provider and team in disclosure per policy

Seorang pesakit yang baru diberitahu dia menghidap kanser menangis, tetapi juga telah muntah beberapa kali dan tidak dapat menahan cecair. Apakah yang ditangani dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AMenghubungi pendeta hospital
2. BPengajaran tentang kemoterapi
3. CSokongan emosi tentang diagnosis
4. DMuntah dan kehilangan cecair

On a cardiac step-down unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. AHeart failure, weight up 0.5 kg since yesterday, no breathlessness at rest
2. BAtrial fibrillation on warfarin with an INR of 2.6 this morning
3. CDay 2 after a pacemaker insertion, asking when the wound dressing will be changed
4. DSix hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor

Penilaian manakah yang paling baik mengesan sindrom petak selepas kaki patah dibalut dengan simen (cast)?

1. ASakit yang tidak setimpal dengan kecederaan, terutamanya pada regangan pasif
2. BKaki yang hangat dan merah jambu
3. CDenyutan kuat di kaki
4. DGatal ringan di bawah simen

Dua hari selepas reseksi usus, pesakit mengalami sakit yang meningkat, demam, takikardia dan cecair yang kelihatan seperti najis dalam saliran luka. Apakah yang paling mungkin?

1. AKebocoran anastomosis
2. BPemulihan pascaoperasi yang normal
3. CSembelit
4. DPengekalan air kencing

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
2. BClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
3. CCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet
4. DFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough

A patient with heavy alcohol use and a poor diet has a hemoglobin of 10.1 g/dL (101 g/L), an MCV of 110 fL and a low red cell folate. Which explanation fits best?

1. AFolate deficiency, made worse by a direct alcohol effect
2. BThalassemia trait inherited from one of the parents
3. CIron deficiency from slow, chronic bleeding in the gut
4. DAnemia caused by long-standing chronic kidney disease

What should the nurse teach a patient about taking levothyroxine?

1. ATake it together with the iron tablet to save time
2. BTake it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast
3. CTake it with milk at dinner, as calcium protects the stomach lining
4. DTake it only on days when feeling tired

Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a temperature of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) but says she feels fine. What should happen?

1. AWait 48 hours to see whether the fever settles
2. BStart oral antibiotics only if a rash develops
3. CParacetamol at home and review at the next routine clinic visit
4. DUrgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AAfter a full 24 hours without food
2. BImmediately after the scope is removed
3. CWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
4. DOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported

Seorang pesakit dengan DVT betis yang disahkan telah memulakan antikoagulasi terapeutik dan bertanya sama ada dia mesti kekal di katil. Apakah jawapan yang paling tepat?

1. ABerjalan tidak dibenarkan sehingga bekuan larut sepenuhnya
2. BRehat mutlak di katil diperlukan sekurang-kurangnya dua minggu
3. CBerjalan mengikut toleransi biasanya digalakkan setelah dirawat
4. DKaki patut diurut sebelum setiap kali berjalan

Why is propranolol given to a patient with hyperthyroidism?

1. ATo destroy overactive thyroid tissue over a few weeks
2. BTo ease tremor and palpitations while other treatment starts
3. CTo stop the thyroid gland from making any more hormones
4. DTo replace the hormone lost from the thyroid gland

A patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome has a blood pressure that swings between 80/50 and 190/100 mmHg and a heart rate that changes suddenly. What does this suggest?

1. AA faulty blood pressure cuff that should be replaced and the readings ignored
2. BAutonomic dysfunction, which needs continuous cardiac monitoring
3. CA drug reaction that means all medicines must stop
4. DAnxiety that will settle with reassurance alone

Sebesar manakah bukaan perkakas stoma patut dipotong?

1. AKira-kira 2 cm lebih besar daripada stoma di sekelilingnya
2. BKira-kira 2–3 mm lebih besar daripada stoma di sekelilingnya
3. CSebarang saiz, asalkan stoma tertutup
4. DSedikit lebih kecil daripada stoma untuk kedapan yang ketat

Seorang pesakit sekatan usus mengalami sakit teruk yang berterusan (tidak lagi berkolik), demam, kadar jantung 120/min dan abdomen yang kaku dan sakit apabila disentuh. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. AKemajuan normal yang hanya memerlukan analgesia ringkas tetap
2. BSembelit yang patut dirawat dengan julap perangsang
3. CSekatan sedang pulih apabila usus mula bergerak
4. DStrangulasi atau perforasi yang memerlukan semakan pembedahan segera

A woman is about to get out of bed for the first time after birth. What should the nurse do?

1. AHelp her sit, then stand slowly with support
2. BLet her walk alone so she feels independent
3. CWait until day 3 before letting her stand
4. DAsk her to stand quickly to reduce dizziness

A newborn is jaundiced at 12 hours of age. The mother is blood group O, Rh-positive and the baby is group A, Rh-positive with a positive direct Coombs test. What is the most likely cause?

1. ARh isoimmunisation
2. BBreast milk jaundice
3. CPhysiological jaundice
4. DABO incompatibility

How is threadworm (pinworm) infection usually confirmed?

1. AAn abdominal X-ray to look for the worms in the gut
2. BA urine sample collected in the evening
3. CA tape test on the skin around the anus first thing in the morning
4. DA blood test for worm antibodies taken an hour after an evening meal

Seorang bayi berumur 3 minggu mempunyai suhu rektum 38.3 °C. Bayi itu menyusu sedikit kurang daripada biasa tetapi kelihatan sihat. Apakah yang patut dinasihatkan oleh jururawat?

1. ATiada tindakan segera, kerana demam pada kumpulan umur ini biasanya disebabkan oleh tumbuh gigi atau pakaian berlebihan
2. BPenilaian perubatan segera, kerana demam pada bayi kecil mungkin tanda jangkitan serius
3. CBeri antipiretik dan semak semula dalam 3 hari
4. DPakaikan bayi dengan pakaian nipis dan tunggu apa yang berlaku

A patient with borderline personality disorder has made superficial cuts to her arm on the ward. What is the most appropriate nursing response?

1. AIgnore the wounds completely so as not to reinforce the self-harming behaviour in any way
2. BTreat the wounds in a calm, matter-of-fact way and assess her current risk and feelings
3. CGive her a lot of extra attention for the rest of the day
4. DScold her for breaking the ward rules and remove all her privileges

The family of a patient with schizophrenia asks how they can tell if he is becoming unwell again. Which signs should the nurse teach them to watch for?

1. APoor sleep, withdrawal from others and increasing suspiciousness
2. BA better appetite and more interest in his hobbies
3. CTalking more openly with his family about his feelings and his plans for the future
4. DMild dry mouth in the first week of a new medicine

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 4 lb 4 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil ½ tsp daripada sirap batuk, 2 cawan daripada teh, 3 tbsp daripada suplemen cecair, 1 fl oz daripada jus. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit berberat 90 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 7.5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 3 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang pesakit seberat 195.8 lb. Preskripsi ialah 2 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 125 mg dalam 5 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

500 mL diarahkan selama 10 jam. Selepas 8 jam anda mendapati 120 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

Satu beg mengandungi 1000 mg ubat dalam 100 mL dan berjalan pada 12 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 79 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 06:00 dengan 80 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 125 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata apabila dipanggil, bercakap dalam ayat tetapi keliru dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: mematuhi arahan. Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 20/min, SpO₂ 99% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 136/82 mmHg, nadi 114/min, sedar, suhu 38.4 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi