Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Which of these is part of the UK "Sepsis Six"?

1. AWaiting for a chest X-ray before antibiotics
2. BGiving a sedative
3. CMeasuring urine output
4. DRestricting IV fluids

Dalam masa 24 jam seorang pesakit mengambil 2400 mL dan mempunyai jumlah pengeluaran terukur 1800 mL. Apakah imbangan cecair?

1. APositif 600 mL
2. BNegatif 600 mL
3. CPositif 4200 mL
4. DSeimbang, kerana kedua-dua nilai tinggi

How does a nurse add a sterile gauze pack to a sterile field that is already set up?

1. ATip the item onto the field and push it into place with the wrapper
2. BReach across the field with clean gloves to place the item
3. CPlace the whole wrapped pack on the field and open it there with sterile gloves
4. DOpen the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis has been on treatment. Which findings usually allow airborne isolation to end?

1. AThree negative sputum smears, clinical improvement and continued therapy
2. BThe patient has been in hospital for one week and has taken every dose of medicine
3. COne negative chest x-ray after starting treatment
4. DThe cough has stopped, even with no sputum tests

A patient is receiving continuous tube feeds. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. AIncrease the feed rate so the stomach empties sooner
2. BLay the patient flat for an hour after each bag is hung
3. CKeep the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
4. DTurn the feed off only while the patient is asleep at night

Seorang pesakit dengan kateter vena pusat tiba-tiba sesak nafas, dengan sakit dada dan SpO₂ yang menurun, semasa talian dikeluarkan. Apakah yang dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. ATutup tapak itu, pusingkan ke sebelah kiri dengan kepala ke bawah, beri oksigen dan minta bantuan
2. BBilas kateter dengan salin untuk membersihkan sebarang sekatan
3. CMinta pesakit menarik nafas dalam yang perlahan dan teruskan
4. DDudukkan pesakit tegak dan siapkan pengeluaran talian dengan cepat

What should the nurse regularly check for a patient with a syringe driver?

1. AThe infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
2. BOnly that the battery is charged and the device is switched on
3. CNothing, once the syringe driver is running
4. DOnly the patient's weight, measured once a week on the same scales

Why might a patient with diabetes who takes a beta-blocker not notice hypoglycaemia early?

1. ABeta-blockers stop the liver from responding to insulin
2. BBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through the night
3. CBeta-blockers can mask warning signs such as tremor and a fast heart rate
4. DBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so true hypoglycaemia cannot happen at all

A 55-year-old has a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) during routine screening. What is the usual next step?

1. AReferral for colonoscopy
2. BStart an iron supplement only
3. CRepeat the test in 10 years
4. DNo action if there are no symptoms

In the first 24 hours after a major burn, which laboratory pattern is most expected?

1. ALow sodium and low hematocrit
2. BLow potassium and low hematocrit
3. CHigh potassium and high hematocrit
4. DHigh calcium and high albumin

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA healthy 1-year-old child
2. BA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
3. CA patient with mild seasonal allergies
4. DA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward

Mengapakah sildenafil dikontraindikasikan pada pesakit yang menggunakan nitrat untuk angina?

1. ANitrat menyekat metabolisme sildenafil dalam hati
2. BKedua-duanya menaikkan cGMP dalam otot licin vaskular dan boleh menyebabkan hipotensi teruk
3. CGabungan itu menyebabkan hiperkalemia berbahaya
4. DSildenafil menyekat penukaran nitrat kepada nitrik oksida dalam salur darah

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. ACut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure
2. BUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
3. CCheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
4. DWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37.8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. AWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
2. BAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation
3. CNormal recovery; no action is needed
4. DPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic

Seorang pesakit mengalami hemianopia homonim selepas strok. Bagaimanakah jururawat patut membantu pada mulanya?

1. AMemastikan bilik gelap untuk mengurangkan rangsangan visual
2. BMeletakkan loceng panggilan dan minuman di sebelah yang tiada penglihatan, untuk melatihnya
3. CMenutup mata di sebelah yang terjejas dengan tampalan
4. DMendekati dari sebelah yang boleh melihat dan mengajar memalingkan kepala untuk mengimbas

A patient's corrected calcium is 1.7 mmol/L (about 6.8 mg/dL). Which ECG change is most typical?

1. AST elevation in all leads
2. BA shortened QT interval
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DA prolonged QT interval

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. AFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
2. BLemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
3. CNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient
4. DBrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day

A nurse teaches a carer about overnight tube feeding at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll let him lie flat so he sleeps better while the feed runs."
2. B"I'll check the external length mark on the tube every day."
3. C"I'll flush the tube with water before and after his medicines."
4. D"I'll stop the feed and call if he coughs or struggles to breathe."

A woman says she uses cannabis daily to manage nausea in pregnancy. What is the best nursing response?

1. AExplain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
2. BAdvise her to switch to tobacco instead
3. CRefuse to continue her care until she stops
4. DTell her that cannabis is a natural remedy and safe in pregnancy

Which statement by a woman with postnatal depression shows that the nurse's teaching has been effective?

1. A"I will tell my midwife or doctor if I have thoughts of harming myself."
2. B"I should keep my feelings to myself so I don't worry my family."
3. C"Depression after birth means I am a bad mother."
4. D"If I take medicine I can never breastfeed again."

How should anti-sickness medicine be given to a child receiving chemotherapy that often causes vomiting?

1. AOnly after the child has already vomited at least twice
2. BOnly if the child asks for it
3. COnly at night, when the child is asleep
4. DBefore the chemotherapy starts and then regularly

Which newborn should the nurse assess first?

1. AA 2-hour-old with grunting, nasal flaring and a respiratory rate of 74/min
2. BA 1-day-old with bluish hands and feet but pink lips and trunk
3. CA 1-day-old with tiny white spots (milia) on the nose
4. DA 3-day-old with mild facial jaundice who is feeding well

Bilakah darah patut diambil untuk mengukur paras litium pesakit?

1. A1 jam selepas dos terakhir
2. BSejurus selepas dos pagi
3. CPada bila-bila masa sepanjang hari, kerana ia tidak membezakan
4. DKira-kira 12 jam selepas dos terakhir

Seorang pesakit yang mengalami kemurungan teruk selama beberapa minggu tiba-tiba ceria dan tenang, dan memberikan jam tangannya kepada pesakit lain. Apakah tindakan yang paling sesuai?

1. ABertanya kepadanya secara langsung tentang fikiran dan rancangan bunuh diri dan memaklumkan pasukan
2. BMencatat bahawa moodnya jelas bertambah baik dan mengurangkan tahap pemerhatiannya
3. CMemujinya kerana kemurahan hatinya dan tidak berkata apa-apa lagi
4. DMerancang discajnya esok

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 02:55 (jam 24 jam). Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 12 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 14:55 AM
2. 22:55 PM
3. 32:55 AM
4. 41:55 AM

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 2 cawan daripada teh, 1 fl oz daripada jus, 3 tbsp daripada suplemen cecair. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit berberat 22 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 7.5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 3 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Preskripsi ialah 650 unit ubat yang datang sebagai 1000 unit/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 4 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 50 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Terdapat 300 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Pada 20:30, 250 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan had. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 20/min, SpO₂ 98% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 100/60 mmHg, nadi 88/min, tidak bertindak balas, suhu 35.5 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi