Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Which part of the stethoscope is best for hearing low-pitched sounds such as some heart murmurs?

1. AThe bell, pressed firmly on the skin
2. BThe earpieces turned backwards
3. CThe diaphragm, pressed firmly on the skin
4. DThe bell, placed lightly on the skin

Tekanan darah berbaring dan berdiri diukur. Keputusan manakah yang memenuhi takrifan biasa hipotensi ortostatik?

1. AKenaikan tekanan sistolik 20 mmHg apabila berdiri
2. BKenaikan kadar jantung 5 denyutan seminit apabila berdiri
3. CPenurunan tekanan sistolik 5 mmHg atau lebih selepas berdiri diam 10 minit
4. DPenurunan tekanan sistolik 20 mmHg atau lebih dalam 3 minit selepas berdiri

Which type of white blood cell is most often raised in viral infections?

1. ALymphocytes
2. BNeutrophils
3. CEosinophils
4. DBasophils

Seorang jururawat tidak pasti sama ada sarung tangan steril menyentuh tepi medan steril. Apakah tindakan yang betul?

1. AMengelap sarung tangan dengan alkohol
2. BBertanya kepada pesakit sama ada dia melihatnya
3. CMeneruskan, kerana jururawat itu tidak pasti
4. DMenganggap sarung tangan itu tercemar dan menukarnya

A patient has a serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L. Which finding should the nurse expect?

1. ATall, peaked T waves and muscle twitching
2. BA rise in urine output and thirst only
3. CMuscle weakness and U waves on the ECG
4. DFlushed, warm skin and a slow heart rate

Weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, less urine and tenderness over the new kidney. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal healing of the transplant
2. BRejection of the transplant
3. CA side effect of eating salty food
4. DDehydration from drinking too much

How does CPAP help a patient with obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt strengthens the breathing muscles during the day
2. BIt delivers bronchodilator drugs deep into the lungs overnight
3. CIt keeps the upper airway open during sleep with continuous air pressure
4. DIt removes excess carbon dioxide from the lungs by gentle suction

Which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. AA postoperative patient who rates their pain as 6/10
2. BA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 89% and within their target range
3. CA patient with diabetes whose glucose is 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL) before lunch
4. DA patient with asthma who can only speak in single words

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin mula memakan sayur kale dan bayam dalam kuantiti besar setiap hari. INR telah menurun. Nasihat manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AKekalkan pengambilan makanan kaya vitamin K secara stabil dari hari ke hari
2. BHentikan warfarin sehingga diet kembali normal
3. CGandakan dos warfarin tanpa memberitahu pemreskripsi
4. DJangan sekali-kali makan sayur-sayuran hijau lagi

A patient with long-term heavy alcohol use is admitted with alcohol withdrawal. Which group of electrolyte problems is most common?

1. AHigh magnesium, high phosphate and high potassium
2. BHigh sodium, high calcium and high glucose
3. CLow chloride, high bicarbonate and high calcium
4. DLow magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium

Why is aspirin avoided in children and teenagers with viral illnesses such as flu or chickenpox?

1. AIt stops the vaccine from working
2. BIt is linked to Reye's syndrome, which harms the liver and brain
3. CIt causes severe, permanent hearing loss in young children
4. DIt causes grey baby syndrome

A man taking doxazosin for hypertension starts sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main risk?

1. ASevere hypertension and a pounding headache
2. BBronchospasm
3. CSymptomatic low blood pressure and fainting
4. DHyperkalaemia

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. AFlat on the back with the legs raised
2. BProne with the arms by the sides
3. CSitting upright and leaning forward over a table
4. DLying on the affected side with the head down

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. ANormal recovery from pneumonia
2. BA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
3. CAsthma triggered by the infection
4. DAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
2. BUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
3. CMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
4. DRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward

Sawan telah berlangsung 12 minit. Dua dos benzodiazepin telah diberikan, dan sawan berterusan. Saluran udara dan oksigen diuruskan. Apakah langkah seterusnya dalam protokol biasa?

1. AMemberikan tablet antisawan oral sebaik sahaja pesakit boleh menelan
2. BUbat IV barisan kedua seperti levetirasetam atau fenitoin
3. CMenunggu 30 minit lagi untuk melihat sama ada sawan berhenti
4. DDos ketiga dan keempat benzodiazepin setiap dua minit

Why are patients with large burns at risk of hypothermia?

1. ALoss of skin reduces their ability to keep in heat
2. BThe fluids given are always chilled
3. CBurns always cause a low thyroid hormone level in the blood
4. DTheir metabolism stops after the injury

A patient with a toe ulcer says the leg pain is worse at night and eases when they hang the leg over the side of the bed. What does this suggest?

1. AArterial insufficiency
2. BNeuropathic itching
3. CLymphoedema
4. DVenous insufficiency

A woman at 26 weeks asks which symptom she should report straight away. Which one is a danger sign?

1. ASudden swelling of the face and hands with a headache
2. BIncreased vaginal discharge that is white and odourless
3. CMild swelling of the ankles at the end of the day
4. DOccasional heartburn after large meals

A woman at 40 weeks calls the unit. Her contractions are every 10 to 20 minutes and irregular, her membranes are intact and the baby is moving well. What is the best advice?

1. ALie flat on her back and count the contractions for 4 hours
2. BTake a laxative to stimulate labour
3. CRest at home and come in if contractions become regular
4. DCome in immediately by ambulance

How should the nurse measure the heart rate of a 9-month-old?

1. ACount the apical pulse for a full minute
2. BRead it from the pulse oximeter only
3. CCount the carotid pulse for 30 seconds and multiply by 2
4. DCount the radial pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by 4

An infant with a large VSD now breathes faster, sweats during feeds and has gained 300 g overnight with puffy eyelids. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AWorsening heart failure with fluid retention
2. BGood growth thanks to improved feeding
3. CAn allergic reaction to the new high-energy formula started yesterday
4. DDehydration due to sweating during feeds

Which setting is best for an initial assessment interview with a new patient?

1. AA small office with the nurse sitting behind a high desk between herself and the door
2. BThe corridor, so that the interview can be done quickly
3. CA quiet, private room with chairs at the same level and easy access to the door
4. DThe busy day room, so that the patient feels part of the ward

An 8-year-old taking methylphenidate for 6 months has dropped from the 50th to the 25th centile for weight. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

1. AAdvise giving a double dose at night instead, so that the medicine does not affect his appetite during the day
2. BIgnore it, because weight changes in children are always normal
3. CStop the medicine immediately without telling the prescriber
4. DReport the finding, review his eating pattern and suggest giving the medicine after breakfast

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 9 lb 9 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 1 tbsp ampaian oral setiap 8 jam selama 7 hari. Ampaian itu datang dalam botol 150 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 tbsp = 15 mL, berapa botol penuh N yang mesti dibekalkan supaya kursus rawatan lengkap?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 24 kg dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 40 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Anda perlu menyediakan 1000 mL larutan 0.5% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 10% (w/v). Berapa banyak air W yang mesti ditambah pada stok?

Titisan berjalan pada 40 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pesakit dalam 12 jam?

Satu infusi 50 mg dalam 250 mL berjalan pada 24 mL/j. Berapa mikrogram seminit D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari imbangan cecair B = pengambilan − pengeluaran dalam mL (jawapan negatif bermaksud kehilangan bersih). Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 15:30 dengan 125 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 150 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu carta latihan merekodkan GCS 9, dengan E3 dan V3. Apakah skor motor M yang direkodkan, dan respons yang manakah yang dihuraikannya? Berikan nombornya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 120 kg dan setinggi 168 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III