Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect the very first part of the stream in the pot, then pass the rest into the toilet
2. BCollect urine from the toilet bowl after passing it
3. CPass the first part into the toilet, then catch the middle part in the pot
4. DCollect the last few drops after the bladder is empty

Which action is most effective in preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. AWashing out the bladder every day
2. BRemoving the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
3. CChanging the drainage bag every few hours to keep the system fresh
4. DGiving antibiotics to every catheterised patient

Which drugs are used as antidotes for nerve agent poisoning?

1. AAtropine and pralidoxime
2. BNaloxone and flumazenil
3. CVitamin K and protamine
4. DAcetylcysteine and charcoal

An 84-year-old resident with an indwelling catheter suddenly becomes confused but has no fever. What should the nurse consider?

1. AThe confusion is part of normal aging at this age and needs no further action
2. BAn infection may present as confusion in older adults, so assess further and report
3. CA sedative is needed to keep the resident calm
4. DInfection can be ruled out because there is no fever

A patient taking clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. What is the priority action?

1. AOffer throat lozenges and continue the usual dose
2. BIncrease the dose because the symptoms suggest a relapse
3. CAdvise the patient to gargle with warm salt water and rest in bed
4. DHold the dose and report so the white cell count can be checked

An adult has burns over 40% of the body with no signs of airway injury. Which treatment is the priority during the first hours?

1. AGiving a high-protein meal to support healing
2. BStarting physiotherapy to prevent contractures straight away
3. CApplying antibiotic cream to all the burns before anything else
4. DLarge-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AInsulin never expires once opened
2. BUnopened insulin is kept in the fridge and must not be frozen
3. CAll insulin should be stored in the freezer to keep it fresh
4. DInsulin should be kept in direct sunlight

A patient who has had a kidney stone is taught about prevention. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will follow the diet advice for my stone type."
2. B"I will try to pass pale urine."
3. C"I will drink less water so I don't need to pass urine as often."
4. D"I will aim to drink plenty of fluids spread through every day."

A patient takes high-dose biotin supplements for hair and nails. Why should the nurse report this before blood tests?

1. ABiotin makes the blood clot in the tube before testing
2. BBiotin causes a true rise in blood glucose in all patients
3. CBiotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
4. DBiotin lowers the hemoglobin by destroying the red cells

A patient has a hematocrit of 60% and a raised red cell mass. Which result suggests polycythemia vera rather than secondary polycythemia from chronic hypoxia?

1. AA high carboxyhemoglobin
2. BA low erythropoietin level
3. CA low oxygen saturation
4. DA high erythropoietin level

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

1. AOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
2. BOnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level
3. CAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
4. DAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer

A breastfeeding mother needs a mild analgesic. Which drug is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BAspirin
3. CCodeine (as co-codamol)
4. DPethidine (meperidine)

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply
2. BIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all
3. CIt turns the statin into a blood thinner
4. DIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage

Satu jam selepas pembedahan jantung, saluran dada mediastinum telah mengalirkan 350 mL darah merah terang dan kadar jantung meningkat. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMengurut tiub dengan kuat setiap lima minit
2. BMengapit saluran untuk menghentikan kehilangan darah selanjutnya
3. CMerekodkan isi padu dan meneruskan semakan setiap jam
4. DMelaporkannya kepada pasukan pembedahan serta-merta

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
2. BPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
3. CThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
4. DPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient

The night after hip surgery, an 84-year-old becomes suddenly confused and tries to pull out their IV line. What is the most appropriate first step?

1. AApply wrist restraints to protect the IV line
2. BLook for causes such as low oxygen, pain, retention or infection
3. CTell the family that this is the start of dementia
4. DAsk for a strong sedative so that the patient can sleep

Which monitoring is especially important for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition?

1. ABlood glucose and signs of line infection
2. BPupil size and limb strength
3. CBowel sounds and stool colour only
4. DPeak flow and visual acuity

Which group of signs suggests that a patient is entering the last days of life?

1. AHigh blood pressure and very fast weight gain
2. BRising appetite, more energy and normal skin colour and warmth
3. CReduced intake, mottled skin and changes in breathing
4. DClearer thinking and increased movement

Why is it important to do newborn bloodspot screening at the recommended time rather than in the first hours?

1. AThe baby's blood cannot be sampled before day 3
2. BThe heel cannot be pricked until the cord falls off
3. CSome results, such as PKU, need milk feeds first
4. DEarlier testing always gives false negatives for all conditions

A woman with a placenta praevia at 35 weeks is waiting for a planned caesarean. Which activity should she avoid?

1. ALying on her side
2. BEating a normal diet
3. CSexual intercourse
4. DGentle walking

Using the 100–50–20 rule, what is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for a 15 kg child?

1. A1500 mL per day
2. B1000 mL per day
3. C1250 mL per day
4. D750 mL per day

After hypospadias repair, a toddler has a urinary catheter. Which nursing action has priority?

1. AClamp the catheter for a few hours to train the bladder
2. BRemove the dressing on the first day to check the wound
3. CKeep the catheter draining freely and check for kinks or blockage
4. DLimit fluids for the first days so that less urine passes over the repair

A patient shouts at the nurse, "You're useless! You never help me!" Which response is most therapeutic?

1. A"You sound very angry. Tell me what has happened."
2. B"If you speak to me like that, I'm leaving."
3. C"That's not true. I've helped you all day."
4. D"You shouldn't talk to people like that."

A patient who used methamphetamine heavily for weeks stopped 2 days ago. He sleeps most of the day, is very low and says life is pointless. What is the priority?

1. AWake him often so that his sleep pattern returns to normal
2. BAssess his suicide risk
3. CEncourage him to exercise hard to raise his energy
4. DGive a stimulant to relieve the low mood

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu pengiraan dos untuk suntikan memberikan 11.2254 mL. Peraturan dalam latihan ini ialah isi padu 1 mL atau lebih dibundarkan kepada persepuluh mL yang terdekat. Apakah nilai x yang anda rekodkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 6 fl oz daripada jus, ¼ cawan daripada teh, 3 tsp daripada sirap batuk, ½ tbsp daripada suplemen cecair. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pesakit seberat 41 kg mempunyai luas permukaan badan 1.22 m². Preskripsi ialah 50 mg/m². Cari dos D dalam mg.

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 12 kg dipreskripsi 12.5 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 125 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 4 jam anda mendapati 860 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

1500 mL diarahkan selama 12 jam. Selepas 8 jam anda mendapati 540 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Pada 07:30, 350 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 25/min, SpO₂ 95% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 88/52 mmHg, nadi 82/min, tidak bertindak balas, suhu 37.2 °C. Apakah jumlah skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pasukan menyasarkan tekanan arteri purata sekurang-kurangnya 60 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik pesakit ialah 108 mmHg. Dengan menggunakan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, apakah tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberikan MAP 60 mmHg?