Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Di manakah beg saliran kateter kencing patut diletakkan?

1. ADi atas abdomen pesakit
2. BDi atas lantai di sebelah katil
3. CDi atas paras pundi kencing
4. DDi bawah paras pundi kencing, jauh dari lantai

A patient with a valid DNACPR (DNR) decision, whose death was expected, stops breathing. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave the patient and ask the family to wait outside until the doctor comes
2. BNot start CPR, note the time, inform the team and support the family
3. CStart CPR but stop after five minutes
4. DStart CPR and call the cardiac arrest team

When should the transparent dressing over a peripheral IV site be changed?

1. AEvery hour, so the site can be cleaned again
2. BOnly when the patient asks for a new dressing
3. COnly when the IV catheter is removed, whatever its state
4. DWhen it is damp, loose or visibly soiled

A nurse calculates a child’s prescribed dose and finds it is ten times higher than the usual dose for the child’s weight. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and watch the child closely
2. BGive one-tenth of the dose without telling anyone about it
3. CGive it, because the prescriber must have a reason
4. DHold the dose and verify it with the prescriber and pharmacist

A patient with diabetes is unresponsive and has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L). What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive IV dextrose or glucagon as prescribed
2. BGive the scheduled dose of insulin
3. CPour orange juice into the patient’s mouth
4. DWait 15 minutes and recheck the glucose

A patient is admitted with inhalational anthrax. Which precautions are needed?

1. AFull contact and droplet precautions for all staff and visitors on the unit
2. BStandard precautions, because it does not usually spread from person to person
3. CDroplet precautions with a surgical mask for everyone who enters
4. DAirborne precautions in a negative-pressure room for the whole of the hospital stay

Pesakit yang menerima warfarin mempunyai INR jauh di atas julat sasaran dan lebam. Ubat manakah yang mungkin dipreskripsikan untuk membalikkan kesannya?

1. AVitamin K
2. BProtamin sulfat
3. CAspirin
4. DNalokson

Why are liquid medicines for nasogastric tubes drawn up in dedicated enteral (oral) syringes rather than IV syringes?

1. AEnteral syringes measure doses less accurately
2. BEnteral syringes keep the medicine sterile
3. CTo prevent accidental intravenous administration
4. DIV syringes cannot hold liquid medicines

During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?

1. AAfter the last drop is given
2. BIn the first 15 minutes
3. CAfter about 2 hours
4. DThe next morning

Seorang pesakit trombosis vena dalam yang baharu menerima infusi heparin, dan warfarin baru dimulakan. Mengapakah heparin diteruskan selama beberapa hari?

1. AHeparin meningkatkan penyerapan warfarin daripada usus
2. BWarfarin mengambil masa beberapa hari untuk mencapai kesan antikoagulan sepenuhnya
3. CHeparin mencegah kesan sampingan warfarin
4. DWarfarin hanya berfungsi apabila heparin diberi pada masa yang sama

How many micrograms are in 0.5 mg?

1. A5000 micrograms
2. B50 micrograms
3. C500 micrograms
4. D5 micrograms

How does levonorgestrel emergency contraception mainly work?

1. AIt kills sperm in the vagina
2. BIt ends an established pregnancy
3. CIt delays or prevents ovulation
4. DIt causes an immediate period

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
2. BIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it
3. CA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
4. DIt works only when given by mouth

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
2. BSpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
3. CAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
4. DLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA sign that the dose is too low
2. BA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
3. CLiver toxicity from valproate
4. DDehydration from drinking too little

The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change
2. BA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
3. CA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
4. DA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. AUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
2. BLeave the external length unchecked once it is placed
3. CAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line
4. DFlush the line only when it blocks

Two hours after a meal, a patient who had a gastrectomy becomes shaky, sweaty and confused. What is the most likely cause and first action?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency; give an injection now
2. BAn anastomotic leak; insert a nasogastric tube at once
3. CLate dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose
4. DEarly dumping from fluid shifts; give a large drink of water

Mengapakah kortikosteroid seperti betametason diberikan kepada wanita yang bersalin pramatang?

1. AUntuk mempercepat kematangan paru-paru janin
2. BUntuk menghentikan pengecutan
3. CUntuk mencegah jangkitan membran
4. DUntuk menurunkan tekanan darah ibu

Which statement by a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes shows she understands her care?

1. A"I can skip meals if my glucose is high in the morning."
2. B"My baby's growth will not need monitoring."
3. C"I will check my glucose as shown and record it."
4. D"Insulin will harm my baby, so I will refuse it."

How should anti-sickness medicine be given to a child receiving chemotherapy that often causes vomiting?

1. ABefore the chemotherapy starts and then regularly
2. BOnly if the child asks for it
3. COnly at night, when the child is asleep
4. DOnly after the child has already vomited at least twice

Five minutes after IM adrenaline for anaphylaxis, a child is still wheezing and has a low blood pressure. What should the nurse do?

1. ASit the child up and walk her around to raise the blood pressure
2. BGive an oral antihistamine and a steroid instead of more adrenaline
3. CGive a further dose of IM adrenaline as per protocol and call for advanced help
4. DWait 30 minutes for the first dose of adrenaline to take its full effect

What must a patient be told for consent to a new psychotropic medicine to be valid?

1. AThe expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
2. BOnly the benefits, so that the patient is not frightened by the side effects
3. CNothing at all, because psychiatric patients cannot give consent
4. DOnly the name of the medicine and the time of day it will be given

A 50-year-old man has believed for a year that his wife is unfaithful. He works normally, his speech is organised and he has no hallucinations. Which diagnosis is most likely?

1. ASchizophreniform disorder
2. BSchizophrenia
3. CBipolar I disorder
4. DDelusional disorder

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 11:40 AM. Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 112:40
2. 210:40
3. 323:40
4. 411:40

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 10 mg/h. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mcg/min. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Seorang pesakit berberat 18 kg dan dipreskripsikan 30 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal. Cari dos D dalam mg.

Anda perlu menyediakan 200 mL larutan 2.5% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 10% (w/v). Berapakah isi padu stok V₁ yang anda perlukan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 10 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 400 mg ubat dalam 50 mL dan berjalan pada 10 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 75 mL/j. Pada 07:00, 100 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: berpegang pada perabot; terapi IV atau kunci salina: ya; cara berjalan: terjejas; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Cari jumlah Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 5 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai kulit biru atau pucat di seluruh badan, tiada denyutan jantung, tiada respons terhadap rangsangan, anggota lembik tanpa tonus otot dan tidak bernafas. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah