Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

In the PQRST pain assessment, what does "Q" ask about?

1. AThe quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
2. BWhether the pain is quieter at night
3. CThe quantity of analgesia the patient has already taken today
4. DHow quickly the pain started

An older patient with diarrhoea for three days is dizzy on standing and passing small amounts of dark urine. What is the most likely problem?

1. ADehydration from fluid loss
2. BNormal ageing that needs no action
3. CFluid overload from drinking too much
4. DUrinary retention caused by a full bladder

A peripheral IV site is red, warm and tender along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ARemove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
2. BIncrease the infusion rate to finish the bag sooner
3. CFlush the catheter harder to clear the vein and keep using the same site
4. DApply a warm pack and keep using the same site

Seorang jururawat yang bekerja dengan pesakit yang menjalani langkah berjaga-jaga sentuhan menyedari gaun mempunyai koyakan pada lengan baju. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMenjauhi pesakit, menanggalkan PPE dengan selamat di pintu, membersihkan tangan dan memakai gaun baharu
2. BMemakai gaun kedua di atas gaun yang koyak
3. CTerus bekerja, kerana koyakan itu kecil dan hanya pada lengan baju
4. DMenutup koyakan dengan secebis pita dan meneruskan

Which action helps prevent a catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. ARaising the drainage bag above the bladder when walking
2. BDisconnecting the bag every shift to empty it
3. CKeeping the drainage bag below the level of the bladder
4. DLeaving the catheter in place longer than needed

A patient with diabetes takes propranolol. Which sign of hypoglycemia is most likely to still appear?

1. ATremor
2. BTachycardia
3. CPalpitations
4. DSweating

A patient receives IV furosemide for fluid overload. Which findings show the treatment is working?

1. AFalling urine output, new ankle swelling and a rise in weight
2. BIncreased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
3. CA rise in weight and more lung crackles
4. DA rise in blood pressure and a new cough

A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck veins and breathlessness that is worse lying down. What should be suspected?

1. ARight-sided heart failure from valve disease
2. BAn allergic reaction to food
3. CSuperior vena cava obstruction
4. DHypothyroidism

An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?

1. ASodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
2. BCalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
3. CPotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
4. DChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss

A patient with suspected Cushing syndrome takes dexamethasone at night. The next morning, the cortisol is still high. What does this suggest?

1. ACortisol is being produced without normal feedback control
2. BThe adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol
3. CThe result is normal, as dexamethasone raises cortisol
4. DThe patient has primary hypothyroidism instead

Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?

1. AHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
2. BDiarrhoea, frequent urination and sweating
3. CDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
4. DBronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes

Isi padu pengagihan sesuatu ubat sangat besar (contohnya 500 L pada orang dewasa). Apakah yang dicadangkan oleh ini?

1. AUbat itu hampir sepenuhnya kekal dalam petak plasma
2. BUbat itu diambil dengan meluas ke dalam tisu
3. CUbat itu cepat dirembeskan oleh buah pinggang
4. DUbat itu tidak boleh diberi secara intravena

Skor keterukan pneumonia manakah yang menggunakan kekeliruan, urea, kadar pernafasan, tekanan darah dan umur?

1. ASkor Wells
2. BCHA₂DS₂-VASc
3. CCURB-65
4. DNEWS2

A nurse receives handover on four patients. Which patient should be seen first?

1. AA patient with COPD on 1 L/min whose SpO₂ has been 89% and stable throughout the night
2. BA patient on day 1 after surgery who is newly restless, RR 30/min, SpO₂ 88% on 4 L/min
3. CA patient with pneumonia on IV antibiotics who now has a temperature of 38.2 °C
4. DA patient with asthma who wants a reliever inhaler before a walk

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. ALate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
2. BLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
3. CLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
4. DGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil prednisolon dos tinggi jangka panjang berada tiga hari selepas pembedahan usus. Mereka melaporkan hanya sakit abdomen ringan, tetapi kadar jantung telah meningkat kepada 115/min dan suhu 37.4 °C. Mengapakah jururawat patut sangat bimbang?

1. ASteroid boleh menyembunyikan demam, kesakitan dan peritonisme, menyorokkan komplikasi
2. BSteroid menyebabkan takikardia pada semua pesakit, jadi tiada tindakan diperlukan
3. CSteroid melindungi daripada jangkitan, jadi sepsis sangat tidak mungkin
4. DSakit ringan menunjukkan usus sedang sembuh seperti yang dijangka

Pernyataan manakah tentang analgesia multimodal yang betul?

1. AHanya satu analgesik patut diberikan pada satu masa
2. BUbat dengan tindakan berbeza digabungkan untuk mengurangkan keperluan opioid
3. CIa kaedah yang digunakan hanya untuk kesakitan kronik jangka panjang
4. DBeberapa opioid berbeza digabungkan untuk kesan keseluruhan yang lebih kuat

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
2. BScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
3. CApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
4. DUse a heat pad to speed healing

Which newborn finding is commonly associated with Down syndrome?

1. AAbundant vernix and lanugo
2. BA high-pitched cry and tremors
3. CLong nails and peeling skin
4. DA single palmar crease and low tone

A nurse is teaching a mother how to prevent shaken baby syndrome. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Crying often increases in the first weeks, and that can be normal."
2. B"I can call someone to help when I feel overwhelmed."
3. C"If I get too frustrated, I will put him in his cot and step away for a few minutes."
4. D"If I feel very angry, it is fine to shake him a little to stop the crying."

Which is the main modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes in adolescents?

1. AObesity with low physical activity
2. BA viral infection in early childhood
3. CA family history of diabetes
4. DBeing of a particular ethnic background

Which IV fluid is usually used for a fluid bolus in a child with shock?

1. A5% glucose in water, given as fast as possible
2. B0.18% sodium chloride with 4% glucose, given quickly
3. CAn isotonic crystalloid such as 0.9% sodium chloride
4. D10% glucose solution

Which psychological treatment is most effective for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

1. AHypnosis to remove the obsessive thoughts permanently in a single session
2. BPsychoanalysis focused on early childhood memories
3. CExposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
4. DEncouraging the patient to perform the rituals more often

A patient finds clothes in her wardrobe she does not remember buying, has gaps in her memory and is called by different names by people she does not know. Which condition is most likely?

1. ABipolar I disorder
2. BDissociative identity disorder
3. CSchizophrenia
4. DBorderline personality disorder

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang bayi baru lahir seberat 7 lb 6 oz. Dengan menggunakan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 22:35 dan tamat pada 01:05 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Satu ampul epinefrina (adrenalin) dilabel 1:1000 (1 mg/mL). Preskripsi ialah 0.3 mg IM untuk anafilaksis. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda sedut?

Preskripsi ialah 640 mikrogram. Ampul mengandungi 1 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu dalam picagari 1 mL: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 10 jam. Selepas 8 jam anda mendapati 250 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 10 jam. Selepas 4 jam anda mendapati 720 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL. Kira ketulan ais sebagai separuh isi padunya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 14:30 dengan 125 mL/j. Selepas 2 jam kadar ditukar kepada 80 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: sedikit terhad; kelembapan: sentiasa lembap; aktiviti: terlantar di katil; mobiliti: sedikit terhad; pemakanan: sangat lemah; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: sejarah jatuh dalam 3 bulan yang lalu: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu berjalan: tongkat ketiak, tongkat atau alat bantu berjalan; terapi IV atau kunci salina: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, rehat di katil atau kerusi roda; status mental: tahu had sendiri. Dengan menggunakan nilai potongan 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sederhana dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tahap risiko jatuh.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sederhana
3. 3risiko tinggi