Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient starts regular morphine. What is usually prescribed alongside it to prevent a common side effect?

1. AA diuretic
2. BAn antihistamine
3. CA laxative
4. DAn antibiotic

Why are a patient's observations checked about 15 minutes after a blood transfusion starts?

1. ASerious reactions often happen early in a transfusion
2. BIt is only for record-keeping purposes
3. CIt is the time the blood takes to warm up
4. DReactions only ever occur after the transfusion ends

Seorang pesakit yang menggunakan diuretik berisiko tinggi jatuh dan kerap bangun pada waktu malam. Langkah manakah yang paling membantu?

1. AMemastikan bilik gelap sepenuhnya pada waktu malam untuk membantu pesakit tidur
2. BMemberikan diuretik pada waktu tidur supaya ia berfungsi sepanjang malam
3. CMemberitahu pesakit supaya tidak minum apa-apa selepas makan tengah hari
4. DPenjadualan ke tandas, dengan lampu panggilan dan alat bantu berjalan dalam capaian

A patient is admitted with suspected pneumonic plague after a possible bioterrorism release. Which precautions are used?

1. AStandard precautions only
2. BDroplet precautions
3. CContact precautions only
4. DAirborne precautions

An anxious patient is breathing very fast and has tingling fingers. The blood gas shows pH 7.51 and PaCO₂ 29 mmHg (3.9 kPa). What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive oxygen at the highest flow and leave the room
2. BEncourage the patient to breathe even faster
3. CGive IV sodium bicarbonate as soon as it can be found
4. DStay with the patient and coach slow, calm breathing

A child with sickle cell disease in a pain crisis develops chest pain, fever and an SpO₂ of 89%. What does this most likely mean?

1. AAcute chest syndrome, which needs urgent escalation and oxygen
2. BAnxiety that will settle with reassurance
3. CA minor chest infection that can safely wait until the morning round
4. DAn ordinary pain crisis that will improve with rest

What should a patient starting oral iron tablets be told?

1. AThey must take the tablets with strong tea
2. BTheir urine will turn bright green
3. CTheir stools may turn dark or black
4. DThe tablets will cause weight loss

A patient suddenly develops a painful red eye with blurred vision, haloes around lights and vomiting. What should be suspected?

1. ADry eye syndrome
2. BA stye
3. CSimple conjunctivitis from a viral infection
4. DAcute angle-closure glaucoma

A urine culture report states "mixed growth of three organisms, likely contamination." What is the nurse's best response?

1. AInform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
2. BDiscard the report, because a mixed growth is always normal
3. CRecord the result as a confirmed urinary tract infection
4. DStart treatment for all three organisms with three antibiotics

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AOral glucose-lowering tablets
2. BAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
3. CLarge-volume IV fluid replacement
4. DStrict fluid restriction

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. AStop it as soon as the burning settles
2. BExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
3. CTake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
4. DTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
2. BIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
3. CIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
4. DIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AImmediately after the scope is removed
2. BOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
3. CWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
4. DAfter a full 24 hours without food

An older inpatient develops sudden fever, muscle aches and a dry cough during the winter influenza season. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AIsolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals
2. BLeave them in the open bay and give a course of antibiotics only
3. CIsolate only if they develop a rash
4. DWait a week to see whether the symptoms settle before testing

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
2. BStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
3. CStop it if the urine stream improves
4. DTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better

Seorang pesakit diabetes insipidus kranial memulakan desmopresin. Komplikasi manakah yang patut dipantau oleh jururawat?

1. AHiponatremia
2. BHiperkalemia
3. CHiperglisemia
4. DCirit-birit teruk

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
2. BA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
3. CA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
4. DAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days

A worker has a hydrofluoric acid burn on the hand and severe pain. After irrigation with water, which specific treatment is commonly applied?

1. ACalcium gluconate gel
2. BSodium bicarbonate paste
3. CIce cubes wrapped in a cloth
4. DSilver sulfadiazine cream

When performing the first Leopold manoeuvre, what is the nurse trying to identify?

1. AWhich side the fetal back lies on
2. BWhether the head has entered the pelvis
3. CWhich fetal part lies in the fundus
4. DThe amount of amniotic fluid

Over the last hour, a labour tracing shows variable decelerations that are becoming deeper and longer, a baseline rising from 135 to 165 bpm and falling variability. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AA sign of fetal well-being; no action is needed
2. BA normal fetal sleep cycle; recheck in an hour
3. CBenign head compression; continue routine monitoring
4. DEvolving fetal hypoxia; escalate for urgent obstetric review

A child has just spilled hot tea on his arm. What is the correct first aid?

1. ASpread butter or toothpaste on the burn
2. BCool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
3. CBurst any blisters to let the heat out
4. DHold ice directly on the burn for about an hour to stop the pain

A baby born at 28 weeks is now 6 months old. He is not yet sitting without support. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AMilestones are judged by corrected age, here about 3 months, so this is expected
2. BMilestones are always judged by chronological age, so he is 3 months behind
3. CHe is clearly delayed and needs urgent neurological referral
4. DPreterm babies never reach normal milestones, so no follow-up is needed

A severely depressed older patient says, "My insides have rotted away; I am already dead." Which type of delusion is this?

1. APersecutory
2. BNihilistic
3. CGrandiose
4. DErotomanic

A patient says, "My boss didn't say hello this morning, so she must think I'm useless." Which cognitive distortion is shown, and what is a helpful nursing response?

1. AAll-or-nothing thinking; agree that the boss is being unfair
2. BMind reading; ask what other reasons there might be for the boss's behaviour
3. CCatastrophising; tell the patient that she will definitely not be fired
4. DPersonalisation; advise the patient to ask for a new manager

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 5 kaki 8 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 17:40 dan tamat pada 08:10 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 40 kg dipreskripsikan 3 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 50 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 10 kg dipreskripsi 15 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Infuskan 500 mL selama 3 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu titisan berjalan pada 25 gtt/min melalui set 20 gtt/mL. Terdapat 300 mL lagi dalam beg. Berapa jam t sehingga ia kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 110 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 500 mL bermula pada 12:00 dengan 80 mL/j. Selepas 4 jam kadar ditukar kepada 50 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu carta latihan merekodkan GCS 4, dengan E2 dan V1. Apakah skor motor M yang direkodkan, dan respons yang manakah yang dihuraikannya? Berikan nombornya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 24/min, SpO₂ 97% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 150/90 mmHg, nadi 126/min, sedar, suhu 37.0 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi