Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

What is tolerance to an opioid?

1. ANeeding a higher dose to get the same pain relief
2. BAn allergic reaction to the drug
3. CFeeling no side effects at all from the drug
4. DA craving to take the drug for its mental effects

A man skips bowel cancer screening because he feels healthy and thinks cancer will not happen to him. Which Health Belief Model concept best explains this?

1. AStrong cues to action
2. BHigh perceived benefits
3. CHigh self-efficacy
4. DLow perceived susceptibility

A nurse has just given an intramuscular injection with a safety needle. What should the nurse do next with the needle?

1. ARecap it carefully with both hands and dispose of it after the drug round
2. BLay it on the medication tray and discard it later
3. CBend the needle to make it unusable, then discard it
4. DActivate the safety device and drop it into a sharps container at once

A small-bore feeding tube has just been inserted blindly at the bedside. Which method is the most reliable way to confirm its position before the first feeding?

1. ABy an x-ray reviewed by a competent clinician
2. BBy checking that the patient can still talk
3. CBy putting the end in water to look for bubbles
4. DBy listening over the stomach while injecting air

Seorang jururawat meminta pembantu jururawat menggunakan alat angkat mekanikal. Pembantu itu berkata dia tidak pernah dilatih menggunakannya. Hak pendelegasian manakah yang dilanggar jika jururawat berkeras?

1. APenyeliaan dan penilaian yang betul
2. BTugas yang betul
3. CArahan dan komunikasi yang betul
4. DOrang yang betul

A team has an RN, an LPN/LVN and a nursing assistant. Which task is the best one to assign to the LPN/LVN?

1. AWriting the discharge teaching plan for a patient with new diabetes
2. BAssessing a patient who returned from surgery 30 minutes ago
3. CMeasuring the vital signs and weights of every patient on the unit before breakfast
4. DGiving a scheduled subcutaneous anticoagulant injection to a stable patient

Which blood results are typical of Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)?

1. ALow sodium and high potassium
2. BHigh glucose and high calcium
3. CHigh sodium and low potassium
4. DLow haemoglobin and high platelets

A patient suddenly develops a painful red eye with blurred vision, haloes around lights and vomiting. What should be suspected?

1. AA stye
2. BAcute angle-closure glaucoma
3. CDry eye syndrome
4. DSimple conjunctivitis from a viral infection

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
2. BGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
3. CGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
4. DOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary hyperaldosteronism
2. BCentral diabetes insipidus
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH
4. DPrimary adrenal insufficiency

How many micrograms are in 0.5 mg?

1. A500 micrograms
2. B5 micrograms
3. C50 micrograms
4. D5000 micrograms

On admission, a patient's home medicine list includes warfarin for atrial fibrillation, but warfarin is not on the admission orders. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to stop warfarin permanently
2. BClarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)
3. CGive the patient's own warfarin brought from home without an order
4. DAssume the omission is intended and do nothing

Gabungan golongan ubat manakah yang meningkatkan kemandirian dalam kegagalan jantung dengan pecahan ejeksi berkurang?

1. ADiuretik gelung sahaja pada dos tertinggi yang dapat ditoleransi
2. BDiuretik gelung, digoksin, nitrat dan penyekat saluran kalsium
3. CPerencat ACE atau ARNI, penyekat beta, MRA dan perencat SGLT2
4. DNSAID, aspirin, statin dan diuretik tiazid

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
2. BCall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
3. CForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
4. DLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ACheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
2. BAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
3. CSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
4. DTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off

A patient with a brain injury has a mean arterial pressure of 80 mmHg and an ICP of 25 mmHg. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 105 mmHg, which is too high
2. BThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 55 mmHg, below the usual target
3. CThe ICP cannot affect brain perfusion if the blood pressure is normal
4. DThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 80 mmHg, which is normal

A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?

1. ATake the usual dose on the morning of surgery
2. BSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
3. CDouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery
4. DStop it about 5 days before and check the INR

A bag of parenteral nutrition runs out and the next one will not arrive for several hours. Which risk should the nurse anticipate?

1. ARaised intracranial pressure
2. BSevere hyperkalaemia
3. CAcute urinary retention
4. DRebound hypoglycaemia

At station +2, where is the presenting part?

1. A2 cm below the ischial spines
2. BFloating above the pelvic inlet
3. CAt the level of the ischial spines
4. D2 cm above the ischial spines

A woman received an opioid IV 30 minutes ago. The tracing now shows minimal variability but no decelerations. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASevere fetal anaemia from Rh disease
2. BPlacental abruption
3. CThe opioid's effect on the fetal brain
4. DProlapse of the umbilical cord

Which stool pattern is typical of Hirschsprung disease in an older child?

1. AFrequent bloody diarrhoea with fever after eating chicken
2. BChronic constipation with thin, ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools and distension
3. CPale, bulky, fatty stools that float and are hard to flush, with a large appetite
4. DNormal stools with occasional itching around the anus at night

Seorang bayi berumur 2 bulan dibawa masuk dengan lebam pada kedua-dua pipi. Ibu bapa berkata bayi itu "terlanggar benda". Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMenuduh ibu bapa mendera di hadapan keluarga lain
2. BMemberitahu ibu bapa bahawa laporan akan dibuat, kemudian membiarkan mereka membawa bayi pulang sebelum ia disemak
3. CMenerima penjelasan itu kerana bayi sering terlanggar benda
4. DMendokumenkan dapatan secara objektif dan mengikut prosedur perlindungan untuk melaporkan kebimbangan itu

A veteran with PTSD sits with his back to the wall, scans the room constantly and jumps at every door slam. Which symptom group do these behaviours belong to?

1. ADissociative amnesia for the trauma
2. BAvoidance
3. CChanges in arousal and reactivity
4. DIntrusion symptoms

On the fourth day after giving birth, a mother is tearful and moody but is caring for her baby, eating and sleeping when she can. What is the most appropriate nursing response?

1. AExplain that these "baby blues" are common, offer support and advise her to seek help if they last more than about 2 weeks
2. BArrange an emergency psychiatric admission today
3. CTell her that antidepressants must be started at once
4. DAdvise her to stop breastfeeding and let others feed the baby at night so that she can rest and recover

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 40.3 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 22:20 dan tamat pada 02:50 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang pesakit seberat 24 kg mempunyai luas permukaan badan 0.93 m². Preskripsi ialah 250 mg/m². Cari dos D dalam mg.

Seorang pesakit seberat 90.2 lb. Preskripsi ialah 1 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal, dan stok mengandungi 40 mg dalam 1 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 kg = 2.2 lb, berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 6 jam dengan set pemberian 20 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

500 mg ubat dicairkan dalam 500 mL dan diberikan secara graviti melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Arahannya ialah 30 mg sejam. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titisan seminit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 102 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 14:00 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 17:30?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata hanya kepada tekanan (rangsangan menyakitkan), menyebut perkataan rawak yang tidak sesuai dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: menggerakkan tangan ke tempat tekanan (melokalisasi). Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 5 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai badan merah jambu dengan tangan dan kaki biru, kadar denyutan jantung 80/min, berkerut muka apabila dirangsang, sedikit fleksi pada lengan dan kaki dan pernafasan perlahan dan tidak teratur dengan tangisan lemah. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah