1.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSederhana
A patient with diabetes is unresponsive and has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L). What should the nurse do first?
- AGive the scheduled dose of insulin
- BGive IV dextrose or glucagon as prescribed
- CPour orange juice into the patient’s mouth
- DWait 15 minutes and recheck the glucose
2.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSukar
Seorang pesakit dengan trakeostomi baharu batuk, bernafas dengan bising dan SpO₂ telah jatuh kepada 86%. Apakah tindakan pertama?
- ASedut trakeostomi
- BTukar tali trakeostomi
- CBeri bronkodilator nebulisasi
- DDokumenkan SpO₂ dan semak semula dalam 30 minit
3.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana
A patient on contact precautions must be taken to another department for a test. What is correct?
- AHave the patient wear an N95 respirator during transport
- BCancel the test until the precautions are no longer needed, however urgent it is
- CPut the patient in a separate elevator with the doors open
- DCover wounds, give the patient a clean gown and tell the receiving department
4.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A woman in late pregnancy is choking and cannot speak or cough. Which technique should the rescuer use?
- ABlind finger sweeps
- BAbdominal thrusts
- CChest thrusts
- DBack blows only
5.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSederhana
Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium mempunyai INR 5.2 dan tiada pendarahan. Apakah tindakan terbaik jururawat?
- AMenasihati pesakit supaya berhenti makan sayur-sayuran hijau mulai hari ini
- BTahan dos warfarin dan maklumkan pemreskripsi
- CBeri dos berganda
- DBeri dos biasa dan semak semula dalam sebulan
6.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSukar
A patient's AST is about twice the ALT, both moderately raised, and the GGT is high. Which cause is most likely?
- AAlcohol-related liver disease
- BAcute viral hepatitis A
- CAcute myocardial infarction
- DGallstone blocking the bile duct
7.Kejururawatan klinikalSederhana
Pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik lazimnya patut mengehadkan perkara manakah dalam dietnya?
- AKarbohidrat sepenuhnya
- BVitamin C dan serat
- CVitamin larut air sahaja
- DKalium dan fosfat
8.Kejururawatan klinikalSukar
Pesakit sirosis dengan abdomen besar dan tegang menjalani parasentesis. Mengapakah albumin mungkin diberi?
- AUntuk mengurangkan risiko disfungsi peredaran selepas pengeluaran cecair isi padu besar
- BUntuk meningkatkan kalium dalam air kencing
- CUntuk merawat jangkitan dalam cecair
- DUntuk menghentikan hati menghasilkan lebih banyak hempedu
9.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSederhana
What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?
- ATo kill bacteria in the airways
- BTo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night
- CTo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up
- DTo widen the airways within minutes
10.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSukar
Seorang pesakit yang menjalani pemasangan stent koronari selepas NSTEMI bertanya mengapa dia mengambil dua ubat antiplatelet. Jawapan manakah yang paling tepat?
- ADua laluan disekat, melindungi stent, tetapi risiko pendarahan meningkat
- BUbat kedua melarutkan bekuan yang menyebabkan serangan jantung asal
- CKedua-dua ubat merendahkan kolesterol supaya sekatan baharu tidak boleh terbentuk
- DUbat kedua melindungi lapisan perut daripada aspirin
11.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSederhana
Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?
- AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
- BSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
- CThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
- DParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
12.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSukar
A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?
- AObstructive sleep apnoea
- BAn anxiety disorder
- CNormal snoring
- DNarcolepsy
13.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSederhana
What are anticipatory ("just in case") medicines at the end of life usually prescribed for?
- AWeight gain and appetite stimulation
- BHigh blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes
- CInfection prevention and vaccination
- DPain, nausea, agitation and respiratory secretions
14.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSukar
A surgical patient's MUST score is 3 and the wound is healing slowly. What is the most appropriate action?
- AEncourage fasting to reduce wound exudate and the size of the dressing
- BRestrict protein to help the kidneys
- CRefer to the dietitian, start a nutrition plan and monitor intake
- DRepeat the score in three months' time