Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
Some birds, such as Arctic terns, migrate thousands of kilometres every year. Scientists think birds find their way using the sun, the stars and Earth’s magnetic field. Which word best describes the scientists’ explanation?
“The village doctor knew every family by name. When the new hospital opened in the city, many patients still drove an hour to see her.” What can be inferred about why patients kept seeing her?
Sebuah segi tiga mempunyai tapak 3 m dan tinggi 13 m. Berapakah luasnya A?
Carta pai menunjukkan bagaimana 400 pekerja sebuah hospital dibahagikan antara jabatan A hingga D. Berapa ramai pekerja x yang bekerja di jabatan B?
Bulatan Willis di dasar otak menghubungkan dua bekalan arteri yang manakah?
Kecederaan pada saraf fibular (peroneal) biasa di leher fibula lazimnya menyebabkan:
Hormon manakah yang menyebabkan pundi hempedu mengecut selepas hidangan berlemak?
Semasa bersenam, aliran darah ke otot rangka yang aktif meningkat dengan ketara. Apakah punca utamanya?
Semasa fasa mitosis yang manakah kromatid kembar ditarik ke kutub yang bertentangan?
Kidney tubule cells move glucose from the filtrate back into the blood, even when there is less glucose in the filtrate than in the cells. What does this show?
Why does water boil at a lower temperature at the top of a high mountain?
Why does a burn from steam at 100 °C usually cause more damage than one from liquid water at 100 °C?
Which title should be placed in quotation marks rather than italicised?
What does an ellipsis (…) show inside a quotation?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “A blood pressure reading is objective data.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The nurse gave a ___ explanation that every family member could understand.”
Jawapan: C · Uncertain
“Scientists think” shows the explanation is a likely idea, not something fully proven.
Jawapan: D · They valued her personal knowledge of them.
She knew every family by name, so patients probably valued her personal relationship with them enough to drive an hour.
Jawapan: A = 19.5 m²
Perimeter, luas dan isi padu: perimeter ialah jarak mengelilingi sesuatu bentuk (segi empat tepat: 2l + 2w). Luas diukur dalam unit persegi: segi empat tepat l × w, segi tiga ½ × tapak × tinggi, bulatan π·r². Lilitan bulatan ialah π·d = 2π·r. Isi padu dalam unit padu: kuboid l × w × h, silinder π·r²·h. Gunakan nilai π yang diberikan oleh soalan.
Jawapan: x = 160
Membaca carta dan jadual: baca tajuk, kategori dan skala dahulu. Pada carta bar atau graf garis, ikuti puncak bar atau titik melintang ke paksi mencancang; setiap garis grid ialah satu langkah skala. Carta pai menunjukkan bahagian daripada keseluruhan: sektor p% mewakili p% daripada jumlah dan mempunyai sudut p% daripada 360°.
Jawapan: A · Sistem karotid dalam dan vertebrobasilar
Bulatan Willis menghubungkan arteri karotid dalam dengan arteri basilar (dibentuk oleh arteri vertebra), membolehkan sedikit aliran kolateral.
Jawapan: B · Kaki terkulai (foot drop)
Saraf fibular biasa membekalkan otot dorsifleksor dan evertor. Kerosakan di leher fibula menyebabkan kaki terkulai dan langkah tinggi. Tapak kaki dibekalkan oleh saraf tibial.
Jawapan: D · Kolesistokinin (CCK)
Lemak dan protein dalam duodenum membebaskan CCK, yang mengecutkan pundi hempedu dan merangsang rembesan enzim pankreas.
Jawapan: A · Metabolit tempatan seperti CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ dan adenosin mengembangkan arteriol
Hiperemia aktif: metabolit yang dihasilkan oleh otot yang bekerja mengendurkan otot licin arteriol secara setempat, mengatasi vasokonstriksi simpatetik dalam tisu itu.
Jawapan: D · Anafasa
Dalam anafasa, sentromer terbelah dan gentian gelendong menarik kromatid kembar ke hujung yang bertentangan. Telofasa menyusul, apabila membran nukleus baharu terbentuk.
Jawapan: A · Glucose is moved by active transport
Moving glucose from a lower to a higher concentration goes against the gradient, so energy is needed. This is active transport, here powered by the sodium gradient set up by the sodium-potassium pump.
Jawapan: C · The air pressure is lower, so less vapour pressure is needed to boil
At high altitude the atmospheric pressure is lower, so water's vapour pressure reaches it at a lower temperature. Water therefore boils below 100 °C, and food takes longer to cook.
Jawapan: D · Steam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
When steam condenses to liquid on skin, it gives off its heat of vaporisation (a large amount), and then the hot water cools further. Liquid water at the same temperature transfers only the second part.
Jawapan: C · A short poem
Titles of short works such as poems, articles, songs and chapters go in quotation marks. Long works such as books, newspapers and films are italicised.
Jawapan: A · Words have been left out of the original text.
An ellipsis marks an omission from quoted material. Words added by the writer go in square brackets instead.
Jawapan: D · Observable and measurable
Objective data can be observed or measured, such as vital signs or lab results.
Jawapan: C · lucid
Lucid means clear and easy to understand. Vague, obscure and convoluted all mean hard to understand.
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